孟加拉成衣廠再度停工，薪資抗議演變暴力衝突

作者：魯瑪・保羅By Ruma Paul

達卡，11月2日（路透）——孟加拉成衣廠在前一天大規模停工後，週一短暫恢復營運，但工人與警方再度爆發衝突，迫使數百家工廠再次停產。DHAKA, Nov 2 (Reuters) - Bangladesh's garment factories briefly resumed operations on Monday after a widespread shutdown a day earlier, but fresh clashes between workers and police forced hundreds of plants to suspend production again.

這場動盪引發外界對孟加拉出貨延誤與買家信心的憂慮。孟加拉是H&M、Zara、沃爾瑪（Walmart）與Primark等品牌的重要供應國，而目前正值春夏外銷訂單生產週期的關鍵時刻。The unrest has raised concerns over shipment delays and buyer confidence in Bangladesh, a key supplier to brands including H&M, Zara, Walmart and Primark, at a critical point in the production cycle for spring and summer export orders.

工人要求最低月薪從1萬2500塔卡提高到3萬塔卡（243美元）。他們在主要製造業區封鎖道路、破壞工廠，並與警方發生衝突，導致679家工廠停產。Workers demanding a minimum monthly wage of 30,000 taka ($243), up from 12,500 taka, blocked roads, vandalised factories and clashed with police across major manufacturing districts, prompting 679 factories to halt production.

孟加拉是僅次於中國的全球第二大成衣出口國，成衣業占這個南亞國家出口收入逾80%。該產業雇用約400萬名工人，並約占經濟產值10%。Bangladesh is the world's second-largest garment exporter after China and the ready-made garment sector accounts for more than 80% of the South Asian nation's export earnings. It employs about 4 million workers and accounts for roughly 10% of economic output.

為化解危機，政府週日成立一個由6名成員組成的薪資委員會，以檢視工人的訴求；在通膨持續、生活成本上升之際，相關訴求聲勢日益擴大。In a bid to defuse the crisis, the government on Sunday formed a six-member wage board to review workers' demands, which have gained momentum amid persistent inflation and rising living costs.

暴力持續VIOLENCE CONTINUES

警方表示，在抗議者向員警投擲磚塊與石頭後，警方使用催淚瓦斯驅散試圖在達卡封鎖道路的成衣工人。首都近郊兩個製造業重鎮阿舒利亞與加濟浦也傳出動盪。Police said they used tear gas to disperse garment workers attempting to block roads in Dhaka after protesters hurled bricks and stones at officers. Unrest was also reported in Ashulia and Gazipur, two manufacturing hubs on the outskirts of the capital.

警方與產業官員表示，抗議者縱火焚燒一輛警車，並破壞多家工廠。Police and industry officials said protesters set fire to a police vehicle and vandalised a number of factories.

這些衝突發生在週日抗議與工廠關閉之後，工人仍持續要求提高薪資並解決就業申訴問題。The clashes follow Sunday's protests and factory closures, with workers continuing to demand higher wages and the resolution of employment grievances.

孟加拉成衣與工業工人聯合會（Bangladesh Garment and Industrial Workers Federation）秘書長、薪資委員會工人代表巴布爾・阿赫特（Babul Akhter）表示：「孟加拉成衣業薪資屬於全球最低之列。」"Bangladesh has among the lowest garment wages in the world," said Babul Akhter, general secretary of the Bangladesh Garment and Industrial Workers Federation and a workers' representative on the wage board.

「如果工廠老闆無法適當支付工人薪資，就應該與國際買家協商更好的價格。他們不能靠低薪工人的血汗建立生意。」"If factory owners cannot pay workers properly, they should negotiate better prices with international buyers. They cannot build a business on the backs of underpaid workers."

工廠遭破壞FACTORIES VANDALISED

工廠老闆表示，該產業面臨成本上升、與中東衝突相關的能源市場不確定性，以及主要出口市場需求放緩。Factory owners said the industry faces higher costs, energy market uncertainty linked to conflict in the Middle East and slowing demand in key export markets.

孟加拉成衣製造商與出口商協會（Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters Association）會長馬哈穆德・哈桑・汗（Mahmud Hasan Khan）表示，動盪期間約20至25家工廠遭到破壞，一家皮革製品工廠的辦公室也遭攻擊。Mahmud Hasan Khan, president of the Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters Association, said around 20 to 25 factories were vandalised during the unrest and the office of a leather goods factory was also attacked.

他說：「如果情況持續下去，工廠一再被迫關閉，我們將別無選擇，只能啟動『無工作、無薪資』條款。」"If this continues and factories are repeatedly forced to shut, we will have no option but to invoke the 'no work, no pay' provision," he said.

內政部長薩拉胡丁・艾哈邁德（Salahuddin Ahmed）警告將採取強力行動。他說：「那些打著勞工抗議旗號、做出違反工人利益行為並企圖破壞國家穩定的人，將受到嚴厲處置。」Home Affairs Minister Salahuddin Ahmed warned of robust action: "Those acting against workers' interests under the guise of labour protests and attempting to destabilise the country will be dealt with firmly," he said.

達卡大學（University of Dhaka）經濟學教授塞利姆・拉伊漢（Selim Raihan）表示，考量到高通膨，工人的訴求可以理解；他也說，可能還會有更多動盪。Selim Raihan, an economics professor at the University of Dhaka, said that workers' demands were understandable given high inflation and said there could be further unrest.

不過他說，大幅調薪可能推升生產成本、壓縮利潤率，並削弱孟加拉的價格競爭力。However, a substantial wage increase could raise production costs, squeeze profit margins and weaken Bangladesh's price competitiveness, he said.

他說：「分階段調整薪資、提升生產力，以及國際買家給予更公平的定價，對於在工人福祉與產業永續之間取得平衡至關重要。」"A phased wage adjustment, improved productivity and fairer pricing from international buyers are essential to balancing workers’ welfare with industrial sustainability," he said.

（魯瑪・保羅報導；休・勞森與羅斯・羅素編輯）(Reporting by Ruma Paul; Editing by Hugh Lawson and Ros Russell)