獨家：字節跳動、阿里巴巴、騰訊下單採購逾350億美元輝達晶片

10月20日（路透）——兩名知情人士表示，字節跳動、阿里巴巴與騰訊已下單採購逾300萬張輝達（Nvidia）新款 RTX PRO 5500 顯示卡，合計標價超過350億美元。在美國限制對中國貿易之際，這些企業正搶購效能較低、但符合出口規定的晶片。Oct 20 (Reuters) - ByteDance, Alibaba and Tencent have ordered more than 3 million of Nvidia's new RTX PRO 5500 graphics cards with a collective sticker price of over $35 billion, two people familiar with the matter said, in a rush for a less powerful but export-compliant chip amid US restrictions on trade with China.

上述兩名消息人士與第三名知情人士表示，這家美國晶片製造商輝達已告知客戶與合作夥伴，由於中國科技公司的需求遠超過規劃產量，輝達無法保證能完成這些訂單。他們因未獲授權對媒體發言而要求匿名。US-based chipmaker Nvidia has told customers and partners it cannot guarantee that it can fill the orders because demand from Chinese technology companies far exceeds planned production, the two sources and a third person familiar with the matter said. They requested anonymity because they are not authorised to speak to the media.

RTX PRO 5500 是一款工作站晶片，設計用途是高效能專業電腦，而不是使用輝達最先進 AI 處理器的大型資料中心叢集。不過，這款晶片仍是中國買家目前仍可取得的輝達晶片中效能最高的產品之一。The RTX PRO 5500 is a workstation chip, designed for powerful professional computers rather than the large data-centre clusters that use Nvidia's most advanced AI processors. But it is among the most powerful Nvidia chips that are still available to Chinese buyers.

根據美國出口管制規定，輝達基於 Blackwell 架構的 B300 資料中心晶片不得銷售給中國買家；基於 Hopper 架構的 H200 出口則須逐案審查，並受制於許可條件。Nvidia's Blackwell-based B300 data-centre chip is not allowed to be sold to Chinese buyers under US export controls, while exports of its Hopper-based H200 are reviewed on a case-by-case basis and are subject to licensing conditions.

一名消息人士表示，輝達告知合作夥伴，他們可能只能收到所要求數量的5%至10%。另一名消息人士表示，輝達已表明，2027年全球最多只能生產300萬張 RTX PRO 5500 顯示卡。兩名消息人士稱，來自中國客戶的訂單總量已超過600萬張。One source said Nvidia told partners they might receive only 5% to 10% of the quantities requested. Another said the company had indicated it could produce no more than 3 million RTX PRO 5500 cards globally in 2027. Total orders from customers in China have exceeded 6 million, two of the sources said.

兩名消息人士表示，這三家中國科技巨頭的訂單是採購每張價格約1萬1400美元的顯示卡，潛在合計金額超過350億美元。The three Chinese tech giants' orders are for cards priced at about $11,400 each, two of the sources said, giving them a potential combined value of more than $35 billion.

這些訂單規模先前未曾報導，凸顯儘管美國祭出限制，中國企業對輝達硬體的需求仍持續存在。The scale of the orders, which have not been previously reported, underscores the ongoing appetite among Chinese companies for Nvidia hardware despite the US curbs.

輝達執行長黃仁勳（Jensen Huang）曾表示，相關限制已使輝達在中國 AI 資料中心晶片市場的市占率，從近乎壟斷降至實質上歸零。不過，RTX PRO 5500 的需求顯示，輝達透過效能較低、但仍可能供貨的產品，在中國仍保有相當大的潛在市場。Nvidia Chief Executive Jensen Huang has said the restrictions reduced Nvidia's share of China's AI data-centre chip market from a near monopoly to effectively nothing. But demand for the RTX PRO 5500 suggests Nvidia retains a sizeable potential market in China through less powerful products that may still be available.

這波需求激增也凸顯，在中國企業競相開發尖端 AI 模型、並推動北京將這項技術部署到各產業之際，美國限制已使這個全球第二大經濟體的算力供應更加吃緊。The surge in demand also highlights how US restrictions have tightened computing-power supplies in the world's second-largest economy as Chinese companies race to develop cutting-edge AI models and propel Beijing's effort to deploy the technology across its industries.

華府的限制已促使中國企業轉向國內供應商，而北京也鼓勵使用本土晶片。Washington's curbs have pushed Chinese firms toward domestic suppliers, while Beijing has encouraged the use of homegrown chips.

尤其是華為已取得市占率，不過中國晶片製造商整體上仍難以追上領先的美國產品，部分原因是另一套限制措施使它們難以取得用於製造最先進半導體的外國設備。Huawei, in particular, has gained market share, though Chinese chipmakers have generally struggled to match leading American products, partly because separate restrictions have limited access to the foreign equipment that is used to make the most advanced semiconductors.

輝達發言人表示，自2022年首次實施限制以來，中國工作站晶片與顯示卡製造商已經歷「前所未有的成長」。An Nvidia spokesperson said Chinese producers of workstation chips and cards have experienced "unprecedented growth since 2022," when the curbs were first imposed.

這名發言人表示：「美國企業持續受到過時的美國出口管制與中國自身對美國進口限制的共同制約；美國出口管制涵蓋的是近半個十年前推出的遊戲產品。」"US firms continue to be restricted by a combination of outdated US export controls, which cover gaming products released nearly a half a decade ago, and China's own limit on US imports," the spokesperson said.

字節跳動、阿里巴巴與騰訊未回應採訪請求。ByteDance, Alibaba and Tencent did not respond to requests for comment.

負責監督出口管制的美國商務部工業暨安全局，以及中國工業和資訊化部，均未回應採訪請求。The US Commerce Department's Bureau of Industry and Security, which oversees the export controls, and China's Ministry of Industry and Information Technology did not respond to requests for comment.

符合出口規定的替代選項AN EXPORT-COMPLIANT ALTERNATIVE

RTX PRO 5500 的效能低於輝達 H200 與 B300 晶片；後兩者的設計用途，是大量連結在一起，以支援最吃重的 AI 訓練與部署工作負載。The RTX PRO 5500 is less powerful than Nvidia's H200 and B300 chips, which are designed to be linked in large numbers for the most demanding AI training and deployment workloads.

三名消息人士表示，中國企業主要尋求將這些顯示卡用於 AI 推論，也就是執行已訓練完成的模型來產生聊天機器人的回應。相較於以海量資料集訓練模型，推論通常需要較少算力。Chinese companies are seeking to use the cards primarily for AI inference, or running trained models to generate chatbot responses, the three sources said. Inference generally requires less computing power than training models on massive datasets.

路透社看到的產品規格顯示，RTX PRO 5500 的效能與 RTX 6000D 相近。The RTX PRO 5500 is similar to the RTX 6000D in performance, according to product specifications seen by Reuters.

輝達去年年中推出 RTX 6000D，這是一款降低效能的產品，設計目的在於符合美國出口限制。路透社去年報導，中國主要科技公司一開始興趣不高，其中一些公司拒絕下單。Nvidia launched the RTX 6000D in the middle of last year as a reduced-capability product designed to meet US export restrictions. Major Chinese tech firms initially showed little interest, with some declining to place orders, Reuters reported last year.

當時，買家認為這些晶片以其效能而言價格過高，並希望華府最終會允許銷售效能更高的輝達處理器。At the time, buyers viewed the chips as overly expensive given their capabilities and hoped Washington would eventually allow sales of more powerful Nvidia processors.

兩名消息人士表示，隨著限制持續存在、AI 算力仍然稀缺，這些期待已經消退，使 RTX PRO 5500 成為更具吸引力的替代品。Those expectations have faded as restrictions have remained in place and AI computing capacity has remained scarce, making the RTX PRO 5500 a more attractive substitute, two of the sources said.

供應吃緊SUPPLY SQUEEZE

兩名消息人士表示，輝達無法承諾完整交貨，反映需求激增以及其製造優先順序兩方面因素。Nvidia's inability to promise full deliveries reflects both a surge in demand and its manufacturing priorities, two of the sources said.

兩名消息人士表示，從2027年起，預料輝達會把台積電（Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co, TSMC）的多數產能投入 Rubin——其下一代大型資料中心平台，而非 RTX PRO 5500 這類產品。台積電拒絕回應。Starting in 2027, Nvidia is expected to devote much of its capacity at Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co to Rubin, its next-generation platform for large-scale data centres, rather than products like the RTX PRO 5500, two of the sources said. TSMC declined to comment.

消息人士補充，輝達已告知客戶，預期12月會有早期樣品，商業交貨則從2027年第1季開始。Nvidia has told customers to expect early samples in December, with commercial deliveries beginning in the first quarter of 2027, they added.

一名消息人士表示，RTX 6000D 後來已停產，其在中國的市場價格已翻倍。The RTX 6000D has since been discontinued and its market price in China has doubled, one of the sources said.

在10月13日提交的文件中，深圳上市的金融科技與 AI 算力服務公司天陽科技表示，已同意向一名未具名交易對手購買2萬張 RTX PRO 5500 顯示卡。In an October 13 filing, Shenzhen-listed fintech and AI-computing services company Tansun Technology said it had agreed to buy 20,000 RTX PRO 5500 cards from an unidentified counterparty.

該公司警告，供應短缺、產業需求與海外技術管制，可能導致交貨延遲或數量減少。It cautioned that supply shortages, industry demand and overseas technology controls could delay deliveries or reduce volumes.

（路透社團隊報導；Eduardo Baptista 與 Thomas Derpinghaus 編輯）(Reporting by Reuters Staff; Editing by Eduardo Baptista and Thomas Derpinghaus)