巴基斯坦軍方對伊朗—美國調停「審慎樂觀」

記者 Rick NoackBy Rick Noack

巴基斯坦拉瓦品第10月30日（路透社）——巴基斯坦軍方發言人週五表示，軍方對其在伊朗與美國之間的調停「審慎樂觀」。這是本週一個高層代表團訪問德黑蘭後，他首度接受採訪。RAWALPINDI, Pakistan, Oct 30 (Reuters) - Pakistan’s military is “cautiously optimistic” about its mediation between Iran and the United States, its spokesman said on Friday in his first interview since a high-level delegation visited Tehran this week.

巴基斯坦陸軍參謀長、元帥阿西姆・穆尼爾是巴國為緩和迄今已持續8個月的伊朗戰爭所展開努力中的首席調停人。他本月已兩度前往德黑蘭，最近一次是在週一，並與沙烏地阿拉伯和土耳其官員同行。Army chief Field Marshal Asim Munir — Pakistan's chief mediator in its efforts to de-escalate the now eight-month-old Iran war — has been to Tehran twice this month, most recently on Monday alongside Saudi and Turkish officials.

被問到這些行程是否是正面訊號時，發言人艾哈邁德・謝里夫・喬杜里中將說：「如果不是因為有一些正面進展，元帥為什麼會去兩次？所以，是的，當然。」“Why would the Field Marshal be going twice if it is not for some positivity? So yes, of course,” spokesman Lieutenant General Ahmed Sharif Chaudhry said when asked whether the trips were a positive sign.

協議未禁止新成員加入PACT DOES NOT BAR NEW MEMBERS

三軍公共關係局局長喬杜里補充說：「我們會使用的詞一向是審慎樂觀。」“The word that we would use is always cautiously optimistic,” added Chaudhry, director general of Inter-Services Public Relations.

他補充說，仍有「強大的破壞者與反對者」認為衝突符合自身利益，但沒有點名。There were still "powerful spoilers and detractors," who believed conflict serves them, he added without naming them.

喬杜里在巴基斯坦武裝部隊總部所在地、駐軍重鎮拉瓦品第受訪時，拒絕透露會談內容，也不願說明美國是否支持這趟行程。Speaking in the garrison city of Rawalpindi, where Pakistan's armed forces are headquartered, Chaudhry declined to say what was discussed or whether the United States had backed the trip.

沙烏地阿拉伯國防大臣哈立德・本・薩勒曼親王，以及土耳其情報首長易卜拉欣・卡林，週一與穆尼爾一同前往德黑蘭。Saudi Defence Minister Prince Khalid bin Salman and Turkish intelligence chief Ibrahim Kalin joined Munir in Tehran on Monday.

沙烏地阿拉伯和土耳其兩國於8月7日與巴基斯坦簽署共同防衛協定，稱任何簽署國遭受攻擊，都將被視為對所有簽署國的攻擊。Their two countries signed a joint defence pact with Pakistan on August 7, saying an attack on any signatory will be treated as an attack on all.

隨著伊朗戰爭重塑區域聯盟，並引發外界對中東衝突擴大的憂慮，《麥加共同防衛協定》的重要性進一步上升。The Mecca Joint Defence Agreement has taken on added significance as the Iran war has redrawn regional alliances and raised fears of a broader Middle East conflict.

儘管3個簽署國表示，該協定旨在集體嚇阻與區域安全，但分析人士認為，協定的演變與區域強權設法處理伊朗—美國對抗所造成的後續影響密切相關。While the three signatories say the agreement is aimed at collective deterrence and regional security, analysts see its evolution as closely tied to efforts by regional powers to manage the fallout from the Iran-US confrontation.

週一會談後，伊朗最高國家安全委員會祕書穆赫辛・雷扎伊表示，區域安全應由區域國家在沒有外國干預下確保。After Monday’s talks, Mohsen Rezaei, secretary of Iran’s Supreme National Security Council, said regional security should be ensured by regional countries without foreign intervention.

週五被問到伊朗是否可能加入時，喬杜里說，協定文字並未禁止新成員加入。The wording of the pact does not bar new members, Chaudhry said on Friday when asked whether Iran could join.

他說：「任何擁有集體嚇阻與區域和平共同願景的人，為什麼不呢？非常歡迎大家。」他並補充，這要由3個主要締約方的政治領導層決定。“Anyone who has a shared vision of collective deterrence and regional peace, why not? Everyone is most welcome,” he said, adding that it was for the political leadership of the three principal parties to decide.

被問到是否會依據該協定派遣更多巴基斯坦部隊前往沙烏地阿拉伯時，喬杜里說，這將取決於情勢，以及兩國政治領導層的決定。Asked whether more Pakistani troops were being sent to Saudi Arabia under the agreement, Chaudhry said that would depend on the situation and the decision of both countries’ political leadership.

他說，巴基斯坦致力於保衛沙烏地阿拉伯，以及麥加和麥地那兩處聖地。他補充說：「我們不是葉門衝突的一方，那是葉門內部衝突。」He said Pakistan was committed to defending Saudi Arabia and the holy sites of Mecca and Medina. "We are not part of the Yemeni conflict, which is an intra-Yemen conflict," he added.

沙烏地阿拉伯與葉門親伊朗胡塞組織之間的戰鬥，因伊朗衝突而再度點燃，激起外界對戰爭擴大的憂慮。Fighting between Saudi Arabia and Yemen's Iran-aligned Houthi group has been reignited by the Iran conflict, stoking fears of a wider war.

國內戰線HOME FRONT

在國內方面，聯邦政府於10月11日暫停開伯爾-普赫圖赫瓦省政府運作，並拘留首席部長蘇海爾・阿夫里迪。該省政府由入獄的前總理伊姆蘭・汗所屬巴基斯坦正義運動黨（Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf, PTI）領導。On the home front, the federal government suspended the provincial government in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, led by jailed former prime minister Imran Khan’s Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI), on October 11 and detained Chief Minister Sohail Afridi.

政府指控省級行政當局未能處理激進武裝問題。PTI駁斥這些指控，並表示其政府參與了反恐工作。PTI領袖稱，此舉是鎮壓抗議的藉口。The government had accused the provincial administration of failing to tackle militancy. The PTI rejected the allegations and says its government took part in counter-terrorism efforts. PTI leaders called the move a pretext to crush protests.

被問到該省現在是否會展開規模更大的軍方主導行動時，喬杜里說，這並非軍方執行反恐的方式。Asked if there would now be larger military-led campaigns in the province, Chaudhry said that was not how the army conducted counter-terrorism.

他說：「我們的反恐行動是以我們所稱的IBO，也就是情報導向行動為基礎……（那些）IBO的行動自由節奏將進一步提高。」"Our counter-terrorism operations are based on what we call IBOs, intelligence-based operations… The tempo of the freedom of action of (those) IBOs will further increase," he said.

汗領導的PTI所支持的無黨籍人士，在2024年2月選舉中贏得最多直選席次，但未取得多數。開伯爾-普赫圖赫瓦省是唯一由汗所屬政黨掌控的省份。Independents backed by Khan’s PTI won the most directly elected seats in the February 2024 election but fell short of a majority. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa was the only province controlled by Khan’s party.

汗自2023年以來一直在獄中，他的支持者認為，是軍方在背後推動他入獄以及PTI遭瓦解。軍方否認介入政治。Khan has been in jail since 2023, and his supporters see the military behind his imprisonment and the dismantlement of the PTI. The army denies involvement in politics.

（Rick Noack採訪報導；Ariba Shahid撰稿；Andrew Heavens編輯）(Reporting by Rick Noack; Writing by Ariba Shahid; Editing by Andrew Heavens)