美國、加拿大見黑海有限停火倡議受到更多關注

作者：安德里亞・沙拉爾（Andrea Shalal）By Andrea Shalal

亞特蘭大，10月31日（路透社）——美國國務卿馬可・盧比歐（Marco Rubio）週六表示，國際社會對協助促成黑海有限停火的興趣日增，以確保俄羅斯與烏克蘭的能源和穀物運輸不受阻礙。ATLANTA, Oct 31 (Reuters) - US Secretary of State Marco Rubio on Saturday said there was growing interest by the international community in facilitating a limited ceasefire in the Black Sea to ensure unfettered energy and grain shipments by Russia and Ukraine.

盧比歐在一場記者會上表示，美國正在審視土耳其和印度提出、旨在讓穀物運輸恢復運作的提案；與此同時，美國也持續推動透過談判達成更全面的戰爭解決方案。這場戰爭目前已進入第五年。Rubio told a news conference that the US is reviewing proposals by Turkey and India to get grain shipments moving, even as the US continues to press for a broader, negotiated settlement of the war, which is now in its fifth year.

俄羅斯全面入侵烏克蘭成為20國集團（G20）外長兩天會議的焦點，部分原因是俄羅斯外交部長謝爾蓋・拉夫羅夫（Sergei Lavrov）與會。歐洲和加拿大領袖反對他出席，主張讓他參與等於讓俄羅斯的侵略正常化。Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine took center stage at a two-day meeting of foreign ministers from the Group of 20, in part due to the participation of Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov over the objections of European and Canadian leaders, who argued that including him normalized Russia's aggression.

這場會議結束時未發表聯合聲明，也未就全球最大經濟體面臨的諸多議題達成協議。The meeting ended without a joint statement or agreement on the myriad issues facing the world's largest economies.

盧比歐為邀請拉夫羅夫辯護，稱若不與俄羅斯對話，就不可能以外交方式結束戰爭，但他也承認，這類協議並非短期內可望達成。他表示，美國經常與烏克蘭領導層交談，儘管烏克蘭外長並未受邀與會。Rubio defended the invitation of Lavrov, saying it would be impossible to end the war diplomatically without talking with Russia, but admitting that such a deal was not on the immediate horizon. He said the US spoke frequently with Ukrainian leaders, although Ukraine's foreign minister was not invited.

他表示，外界對局部協議的興趣正在升高，即使還談不上形成動能；這類協議包括停止攻擊黑海中載運穀物的船隻，以及在某些情況下載運能源的船隻。He said there was growing interest - if not momentum - in partial deals such as halting attacks on ships carrying grain and, in some cases, energy, in the Black Sea.

盧比歐在全球20大經濟體外長兩天會議後告訴記者：「這正對全球糧食安全，以及部分能源安全構成威脅。」這場會議凸顯各方在烏克蘭和中東戰爭上的巨大分歧。"This is threatening the world for food security and some energy security as well," Rubio told reporters after a two-day meeting of foreign ministers from the world's 20 largest economies, which revealed big rifts over the wars in Ukraine and the Middle East.

盧比歐說：「我們希望達成這件事。這無法解決整場戰爭，但至少可以解決其中一個特殊面向。」他並補充，儘管迄今尚未達成目標，透過談判達成解決方案仍是美國官員的首要任務。"We'd like to achieve it. It doesn't solve the war, but at least it solves a unique aspect of it," Rubio said, adding that a negotiated settlement remained a top priority for US officials, despite the failure to get there yet.

盧比歐說：「一場非常惡劣、破壞性極強的戰爭正在進行。」他補充，鑑於不時出現的破壞行動，以及誤入北約空域的無人機攻擊，這場戰爭已經有升級並波及其他國家的威脅。"There's a very nasty war going on, a very destructive war," Rubio said, adding that the war was already threatening to escalate to other countries given irregular efforts at sabotage and drone strikes that wandered into NATO airspace.

加拿大外交部長安妮塔・安南德（Anita Anand）接受路透社訪問時表示，她不會選擇邀請拉夫羅夫，但她利用這個場合，就俄羅斯2022年2月全面入侵烏克蘭一事與他直接對質。Canadian Foreign Minister Anita Anand told Reuters in an interview that she would not have chosen to invite Lavrov, but she used the occasion to confront him directly about Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022.

安南德表示，她在週五一場閉門全體會議上的發言中說：「我直視他的眼睛，當面指出俄羅斯進一步非法入侵烏克蘭、擄走烏克蘭兒童、鎖定黑海上的烏克蘭船隻；這些全都令人譴責，全都違反國際法和國際人道法。」"I stared him in the eye and called out Russia's further illegal invasion of Ukraine, the stealing of Ukrainian children, the targeting of Ukrainian ships in the Black Sea, all of which are reprehensible, all of which are contrary to international law and international humanitarian law," Anand said, citing her remarks during a closed-door plenary session on Friday.

安南德表示，她已與烏克蘭外長安德里・西比哈（Andrii Sybiha）以及印度外長談過在黑海實施有限停火，並暫停攻擊烏克蘭電力基礎設施。Anand said she had spoken with Ukraine's foreign minister, Andrii Sybiha, as well as her counterpart from India, about enacting a limited ceasefire in the Black Sea and putting a moratorium on attacks on Ukraine's electrical infrastructure.

安南德表示，許多對話方正在推動某種形式的停火，重點高度放在穩固糧食供應鏈，以及在即將到來的冬季前，斡旋停止對烏克蘭電網和能源基礎設施的攻擊。Anand said a number of interlocutors were pushing for some kind of ceasefire, with a huge focus on shoring up food supply chains and brokering an end to attacks on Ukraine's electrical grid and energy infrastructure before the coming winter.

她說：「隨著烏克蘭即將入冬，我們現在就必須處理這些問題。」她並指出，自9月聯合國大會以來，加拿大一直就黑海停火進行重大且具體的談判。"We have to address these issues now as Ukraine approaches the winter," she said, noting that Canada had been engaged in significant and specific talks about a Black Sea ceasefire since the United Nations General Assembly in September.

她表示，印度和埃及是受到嚴重影響的兩個國家，也希望確保本國船隻和船員安全。烏克蘭已全面參與這項議題，但俄羅斯尚未展現願意推進的態度。India and Egypt were two countries that were heavily affected, and wanted to ensure that their own ships - and sailors - remained safe. Ukraine was fully engaged on the issue, but Russia had not shown it was willing to move ahead, she said.

據俄羅斯通訊社報導，拉夫羅夫週五告訴記者，莫斯科對烏克蘭衝突的立場沒有改變，俄羅斯無法接受烏克蘭成為「對俄羅斯聯邦合法安全利益的軍事威脅」。Lavrov on Friday told reporters that Moscow's position on the Ukraine conflict was unchanged, and Russia could not accept Ukraine as a "military threat to the lawful security interests of the Russian Federation," according to Russian news agencies.

盧比歐週五敦促G20與會者，鑑於幾乎每個國家都面臨錯綜複雜的經濟和地緣政治挑戰，應在可能的領域合作。Rubio urged G20 participants on Friday to cooperate where possible given the complex web of economic and geopolitical challenges facing nearly every country.

他說：「因為我們都面臨這些挑戰，所以我們都必須共同努力加以因應。」他說：「我們各國的未來，取決於我們是否願意理解：儘管我們的利益未必總是一致，但在利益一致之處與一致之時，我們都應該尋求合作，共同推進這些利益。」"Because we all face these challenges, we must all work together to address them," he said. "The future of our nations depends on our willingness to understand that while our interests may not always align, we should always seek to work together to advance them when and where they do align."

盧比歐告訴記者，他在會議場邊與拉夫羅夫簡短交談，談到美國總統唐納・川普（Donald Trump）和俄羅斯總統弗拉迪米爾・普丁（Vladimir Putin）有機會在下個月的亞太經合會（APEC）會議，以及12月將在川普位於邁阿密的多拉爾高爾夫度假村舉行的G20領袖峰會上會面。Rubio told reporters that he spoke briefly with Lavrov on the sidelines of the meeting about the opportunity for US President Donald Trump and Russian President Vladimir Putin to meet at the APEC meeting next month and the G20 leaders summit to be held at Trump's Doral golf resort in Miami in December.

盧比歐表示，普丁出席G20峰會一事尚無確定承諾。他說，他不排除川普邀請烏克蘭總統弗拉迪米爾・澤倫斯基（Volodymyr Zelenskiy）的可能性，尤其是「如果他出席能帶來一些正面成果」。Rubio said there was no firm commitment for Putin to attend the G20 summit. He said he wouldn't rule out the possibility that Trump would invite Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskiy, especially "if something positive could happen as a result of him attending."

（安德里亞・沙拉爾報導；塞爾吉奧・農恩與富蘭克林・保羅編輯）(Reporting by Andrea Shalal; Editing by Sergio Non and Franklin Paul)