阿利耶夫缺席突厥國家峰會，凸顯阿塞拜疆與土耳其緊張關係

圖凡・古姆魯克丘（Tuvan Gumrukcu）報導By Tuvan Gumrukcu

安卡拉，10月30日（路透）——阿塞拜疆總統伊爾哈姆・阿利耶夫週五儘管獲土耳其總統親自邀請，仍未出席突厥國家峰會，凸顯這兩個歷史盟友在國內與區域政策上的緊張關係升高。ANKARA, Oct 30 (Reuters) - Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev skipped a summit of Turkic states on Friday despite a personal invitation from his Turkish counterpart, highlighting growing tensions between the historic allies over domestic and regional policies.

近幾週來，土耳其部分官員批評巴庫在新的世俗校服規定下，決定限制使用頭巾，使土耳其與阿塞拜疆關係趨於緊張。Ties between Turkey and Azerbaijan have become strained in recent weeks over some Turkish officials' criticism of Baku's decision to impose restrictions on the use of headscarves under new secular school uniform regulations.

阿利耶夫和其他阿塞拜疆官員警告外界不要干涉巴庫事務，但未點名土耳其——這是位於分裂區域核心的國家聯盟中罕見出現的裂痕。若關係進一步惡化，可能傷及土耳其在這個傳統上由俄羅斯掌握影響力的地區擴大自身影響力的企圖。Aliyev and other Azeri officials warned against interference in Baku's affairs, without mentioning Turkey — a rare crack in an alliance of nations at the heart of a fractured region. Any worse break could hurt Turkey's ambitions of increasing its influence in an area where Russia traditionally holds sway.

頭巾爭議是「更深層裂痕的徵兆」HEADSCARF DISPUTE IS 'SYMPTOM OF A DEEPER RIFT'

兩國在以色列問題上也意見分歧。安卡拉因加薩戰爭猛烈批評以色列，而阿塞拜疆則與以色列關係密切。The two countries are also at odds over Israel. Ankara is a fierce critic of Israel over the war in Gaza, while Azerbaijan has strong ties with it.

土耳其官員試圖淡化緊張情勢；週五峰會開幕時，艾爾段向這些以語言、文化與根源相連的國家傳達團結訊息。Turkish officials have sought to downplay tensions and Erdogan delivered a message of unity at the opening of Friday's summit of countries united by language, culture and roots.

他在安卡拉的會議上表示：「在我們的大家庭畫面中，沒有分離、分裂或衝突的位置。我們都是一體、同在一起，而且願真主保佑，我們永遠都是兄弟。」他並未點名阿塞拜疆。"There is no place for separation, division, or conflict in our family picture. We are all one, together and, God willing, we are brothers forever," he said at the meeting in Ankara, without naming Azerbaijan.

阿塞拜疆由外交部長傑伊洪・巴伊拉莫夫（Jeyhun Bayramov）代表出席峰會。他在艾爾段之後發言時未提及緊張關係，並感謝土耳其的接待。Foreign Minister Jeyhun Bayramov represented Azerbaijan at the summit. Speaking after Erdogan, he did not mention the tensions, thanking Turkey for its hospitality.

這樣的緊張關係並不尋常。兩國形容彼此關係是「兩個國家，一個民族」。在土耳其於2023年納戈爾諾－卡拉巴赫戰爭期間支持阿塞拜疆後，兩國關係加深，並在國防和能源領域建立緊密聯繫。安卡拉是阿塞拜疆天然氣的主要買家。The tensions are unusual. The two countries describe their relationship as "two states, one nation". Ties deepened after Turkey backed Azerbaijan during the 2023 Nagorno-Karabakh war and they have built strong ties in defence and energy. Ankara is a major buyer of Azeri natural gas.

艾爾段本週撤換其顧問之一奧克塔伊・薩拉爾（Oktay Saral）；薩拉爾先前公開批評頭巾決定。艾爾段辦公室表示，他上週也在一通電話中親自邀請阿利耶夫出席突厥國家組織（Organisation of Turkic States）峰會。Erdogan this week removed one of his advisers, Oktay Saral, after his public criticism of the headscarf decision. He also personally invited Aliyev to the Organisation of Turkic States summit during a phone call last week, according to his office.

阿塞拜疆新聞社（Azeri-Press Agency）未引述消息來源報導，這場峰會數月前就已安排，但阿利耶夫因「先前已排定的活動及工作行程緊湊」而未出席，其中包括在巴庫舉行的FIFA U-15世界盃一場典禮與慶典。The Azeri-Press Agency said, without citing sources, that Aliyev skipped the summit arranged months ago due to "previously planned events and the tightness of his work schedule", including a ceremony and festival at the FIFA U-15 World Cup in Baku.

阿塞拜疆方面尚未作出官方說明；土耳其總統府和外交部則未回應媒體詢問。There has been no official comment from Azerbaijan, while Turkey's presidency and foreign ministry did not respond to requests for comment.

位於華盛頓的中東研究所（Middle East Institute）土耳其計畫主任格努爾・托爾（Gonul Tol）表示，阿利耶夫缺席峰會，是這兩個盟友緊張關係升高的最新跡象。Gonul Tol, director of the Washington-based Middle East Institute's Turkish programme, said that Aliyev skipping the summit was the latest sign of growing tensions between the allies.

她在社群平台X上表示：「在『兩個國家，一個民族』的說法之下，雙方長期以來在若干議題上暗潮洶湧，包括阿塞拜疆的主權、安卡拉在巴庫的影響力、對以色列政策的分歧，以及土耳其與亞美尼亞關係的和解。希賈布爭議是更深層裂痕的徵兆。」"Beneath the 'two states, one nation' rhetoric, tensions have long simmered over a number of issues including Azerbaijan’s sovereignty, Ankara’s influence in Baku, diverging policies toward Israel, and Turkey’s rapprochement with Armenia. The hijab dispute is a symptom of a deeper rift," she said on X.

土耳其一直努力使與亞美尼亞的關係正常化，但也表示，這將取決於阿塞拜疆與亞美尼亞之間的和平努力。土耳其官員表示，安卡拉一直期待該方向取得進展，以便能採取與亞美尼亞開放邊界等具體步驟。Turkey has been working to normalise relations with Armenia but has said that this would depend on peace efforts between Azerbaijan and Armenia. Turkish officials have said Ankara has been looking for progress there so it can take concrete steps like opening borders with Armenia.

在對土耳其發出不明說的警告之際，阿塞拜疆外交部本月因社群媒體上批評巴庫的貼文，宣布31名土耳其公民為不受歡迎人物。Amid the tacit warnings against Turkey, Azerbaijan's foreign ministry this month declared 31 Turkish nationals persona non grata over social media posts criticising Baku.

土耳其外交部長哈坎・費丹（Hakan Fidan）本月在巴庫一場峰會上與阿利耶夫會面後表示，社群媒體上正散布有關土耳其與阿塞拜疆關係的不實資訊。Turkish Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan said this month after meeting Aliyev at a Baku summit that disinformation was being spread on social media about Turkey-Azerbaijan ties.

他表示，兩國或許不會在所有事情上意見一致，但可以用符合雙方密切關係的文明方式，「坐下來討論我們自己的問題」。He said that while the countries may not agree on everything, they could "sit and discuss our own problems" in a civil way that befits their close ties.

他說：「在某些議題上能不能有不同視角、不同看法？可以。兄弟之間接著就坐下來，依照他們的兄弟情誼討論這件事。」"Can there be different perspectives, different views on certain issues? There can be. Brothers then sit amongst themselves and discuss it in line with their brotherly ties," he said.

（圖凡・古姆魯克丘報導；達倫・巴特勒與安德魯・希文斯編輯）(Reporting by Tuvan Gumrukcu; Editing by Daren Butler and Andrew Heavens)