受虐倖存者將在教宗南美行期間要求教會究責

墨西哥城/利馬，10月31日（路透社）——在教宗良準備重返南美洲之際，祕魯受虐倖存者佩德羅・薩利納斯認為，這位教宗面對神職人員性侵問題的紀錄，既讓人抱持希望，也令人不安。MEXICO CITY/LIMA, Oct 31 (Reuters) - As Pope Leo prepares to return to South America, Peruvian abuse survivor Pedro Salinas sees reason for both hope and unease in the pope’s record confronting clerical abuse.

10年來，薩利納斯看著天主教會調查祕魯創立的天主教團體基督徒生活團（Sodalitium Christianae Vitae），而他也曾協助揭露該團體。接著，在教宗方濟各（Pope Francis）去年任內最後幾天，梵蒂岡解散了該團體及其分支。For a decade, Salinas watched as the Catholic Church investigated Sodalitium Christianae Vitae, the Peru-founded Catholic community he helped expose. Then, in the final days of Pope Francis' papacy last year, the Vatican dissolved the group and its branches.

63歲的薩利納斯說：「所達成的事，沒有人，絕對沒有人，甚至能夠想像。那是難以想像的。但它發生了。」他是一名記者，也是該團體前成員，其報導協助揭露該團體內部的性、身體與心理虐待指控。"What was achieved, nobody, absolutely nobody, could even have imagined. It was inconceivable. But it happened," said Salinas, 63, a journalist and former member whose reporting helped expose allegations of sexual, physical and psychological abuse inside the group.

薩利納斯說，羅伯特・普雷沃斯特（Robert Prevost）——他擔任祕魯主教、後來成為梵蒂岡樞機時即以良為人所知——曾低調與倖存者和倡議人士合作，出席會議、蒐集資料，並透過WhatsApp和電子郵件溝通。Robert Prevost, as Leo was known when he was a bishop in Peru and later a Vatican cardinal, quietly worked with survivors and advocates, Salinas said, attending meetings, gathering information and communicating by WhatsApp and email.

薩利納斯說：「沒有他，事情不會有進展。」"Without him, the needle didn't move," Salinas said.

這位首位美國出生的教宗將於11月6日至17日訪問烏拉圭、阿根廷與祕魯，最後在祕魯停留6天。他於1980年代以傳教士身分抵達祕魯，之後成為該國公民，並曾任奇克拉約主教。梵蒂岡表示，他將在當地會見神職人員性侵倖存者，如同他近期其他訪問中所做的一樣。The first US-born pope will travel through Uruguay, Argentina and Peru November 6 to 17, ending with six days in Peru, where he arrived as a missionary in the 1980s and later became a citizen and served as bishop of Chiclayo. The Vatican said he will meet clergy abuse survivors there, as he has done on other recent trips.

倖存者表示，他們想知道，良在祕魯的做法——他們認為這有助於促成解散一個天主教團體這項罕見之舉——是否能轉化為整個教會更廣泛的改變；他們說，在教會內部，究責情況並不一致。Survivors say they wonder whether Leo's approach in Peru, which they credit with helping bring about the rare step of dissolving a Catholic community, can translate into broader change across a Church where they say accountability is uneven.

薩利納斯說：「缺少的是世界各地都有主教投入這個議題。」“What is lacking are bishops everywhere in the world committed to this issue," Salinas said.

祕魯正準備在良訪問期間迎接觀光熱潮。56歲的祕魯倖存者網絡主席荷西・恩里克・埃斯卡多（José Enrique Escardó），則從不同角度看待這股興奮氣氛。Peru is preparing for a tourism bonanza during Leo's visit. José Enrique Escardó, 56, president of a Peruvian survivors network, views the excitement from a different perspective.

埃斯卡多承認，一些倖存者認為良協助促成基督徒生活團解散，但他說，教會的行動並未帶來足夠的正義、究責或賠償。While Escardó acknowledged that some survivors credit Leo with helping dissolve Sodalitium, he said the Church's actions have not delivered sufficient justice, accountability or reparations.

埃斯卡多說：「倖存者已經厭倦了被告知一些事、被承諾一些事，卻什麼都沒做。」「我們感到更加被拋棄。我們覺得受騙了。」“Survivors have grown tired of being told things, of being promised things, but nothing being done,” Escardó said. “We feel more abandoned. We feel deceived.”

他希望倖存者能參與形塑教會政策，並希望賠償納入心理照護與教育。He wants survivors to become involved in shaping Church policy and wants reparations to include psychological care and education.

梵蒂岡未回應路透社就本文提出的採訪請求。The Vatican did not respond to a request for comment for this story.

「冰山一角」'TIP OF THE ICEBERG'

倖存者表示，首位拉丁美洲教宗方濟各留下了複雜的遺產。胡安・卡洛斯・克魯茲（Juan Carlos Cruz）是讓方濟各於2018年面對智利性侵問題時成為核心的倖存者。他認為方濟各推動了若干改變，包括修訂教會法、取消籠罩性侵案件的「教宗保密」——也就是教會最高層級保密制度——以及《你們是世界的光》（Vos Estis Lux Mundi），這是梵蒂岡針對被控性侵或包庇的主教所設的架構。Francis, the first Latin American pope, left a complicated legacy, survivors say. Juan Carlos Cruz, the survivor whose case became central to Francis' 2018 reckoning with abuse in Chile, credits Francis with changes including revisions to canon law, removal of the pontifical secret — the Church's highest level of confidentiality — surrounding abuse cases and Vos Estis Lux Mundi, a Vatican framework for bishops accused of abuse or cover-up.

克魯茲說：「我們仍然只看到冰山一角。」方濟各於2021年任命他加入宗座保護未成年人委員會（Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors）。他說：「該委員會多年來一直在制定普世保護準則，而這些標準需要在全世界落實。」"We're still at the tip of the iceberg," said Cruz, whom Francis appointed in 2021 to the Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors. "The commission has been working for years on universal safeguarding guidelines and those standards need to be applied around the world."

監督組織BishopAccountability.org共同主任安妮・巴瑞特・多伊爾（Anne Barrett Doyle）表示，《你們是世界的光》是方濟各在性侵問題上採取的最重大行動。該組織追蹤全球天主教會性侵指控。不過她說，梵蒂岡很少說清楚，被控主教辭職是否代表懲處。Anne Barrett Doyle, co-director of the watchdog group BishopAccountability.org, which tracks Catholic Church abuse allegations worldwide, called Vos Estis the most significant action Francis took on abuse. But she said the Vatican rarely makes clear whether an accused bishop's resignation represents punishment.

她說：「大眾被蒙在鼓裡。」“The public is left in the dark,” she said.

巴瑞特・多伊爾說，梵蒂岡並未公布可與其2014年提供給聯合國委員會的數據相比的全球紀律處分資料。她的組織依靠公開紀錄、媒體報導，以及檢方、政府與委員會的調查來追蹤案件。Barrett Doyle said the Vatican has not released global disciplinary data comparable with figures it provided to a United Nations committee in 2014. Her group relies on public records, media reports and investigations by prosecutors, governments and commissions to track cases.

她希望良讓經教會法認定曾性侵兒童的神父，普遍適用永久解除聖職的規定，將美國主教2002年採行的政策擴大到全球。She wants Leo to make permanent removal from ministry the universal rule for priests found under canon law to have sexually abused children, extending worldwide a policy adopted by US bishops in 2002.

她說：「說不該讓兒童性侵犯以神父身分執行職務，這實在是不言自明。」「這是良現在就能採取的一步。」"To say that no child molesters should be out to practice as priests is just such a no-brainer," she said. “It's a step that Leo could take now.”

梵蒂岡官員先前曾提到，要在所有國家建立單一的性侵通報法律有其困難，並主張解除神父職務可能使他們脫離教會監督。Vatican officials have previously cited the difficulty of creating a single abuse reporting law across all countries and argued that removing priests can put them beyond Church supervision.

美國「遭神父虐待者倖存者網絡」（Survivors Network of those Abused by Priests）執行長安琪拉・沃克（Angela Walker）表示，由於教會在自我監督上「令人難以置信地失敗」，倖存者愈來愈常轉向民事當局。Angela Walker, executive director of the US-based Survivors Network of those Abused by Priests, said survivors increasingly turn to civil authorities because of the Church's "incredible failure" to police itself.

她說：「必須有更多透明、更多開放，以及更多究責。」「我得親眼看見才會相信。」"There needs to be more transparency, more openness, and more accountability," she said. "I will believe it when I see it."

倖存者的漫長等待SURVIVORS' LONG WAIT

在墨西哥，早在神職人員性侵成為拉丁美洲各地的關鍵危機數十年前，倖存者就已向梵蒂岡施壓。其中最惡名昭彰的案件之一，是創立基督軍團的墨西哥神父馬西爾・馬西爾；他的指控者在1990年代將指控送交梵蒂岡。梵蒂岡於2006年命令馬西爾退出公開神職。他於2008年去世，從未面對其指控者。In Mexico, survivors pressed the Vatican on clerical abuse decades before it became a defining crisis across Latin America. Among the most notorious cases was that of Marcial Maciel, the Mexican priest who founded the Legion of Christ order and whose accusers took allegations to the Vatican in the 1990s. The Vatican ordered Maciel in 2006 to withdraw from public ministry. He died in 2008, without ever facing his accusers.

他去世後，其性侵規模變得更清楚。2019年，基督軍團通報，馬西爾至少性侵60名未成年人；該修會記錄了8個十年來涉及33名神父的175起兒童性侵事件。The scale of his abuse became clearer after his death. In 2019, the Legion reported that Maciel had abused at least 60 minors, among 175 instances of child abuse the order documented involving 33 priests over eight decades.

87歲的荷西・德赫蘇斯・巴巴・馬丁指控，馬西爾在他1950年代研讀神職時虐待他。他回憶，倖存者在1990年代末期努力想讓教會與國家當局聽見他們的聲音，並說他寄給教宗若望保祿二世（Pope John Paul II）的申訴沒有獲得回覆。José de Jesús Barba Martin, 87, alleged Maciel abused him when he was studying for the priesthood in the 1950s. He recalled survivors struggling to be heard by Church and state authorities in the late 1990s and said an appeal he sent Pope John Paul II went unanswered.

數十年後，那段經歷讓他幾乎不再期待再次向羅馬申訴會帶來改變。Decades later, that experience has left him with little expectation that another appeal to Rome would bring change.

他說：「教會由兩種人組成：好人與壞人，勇敢者與懦夫。」「這會需要很長時間，而且這個問題不會在這位教宗任內處理，也不會在下一位教宗任內處理。」“The Church is made up of two types of men: good and bad, courageous and cowardly," he said. "It will take a long time, and the issue will not be addressed under this pope nor the next."

72歲的阿爾韋托・阿蒂耶是墨西哥前神父，曾在教會內部追查神職人員性侵案件，後於2003年離開神職。他將良的訪問視為再次推動透明化的機會。Alberto Athié, 72, a former Mexican priest who pursued clerical abuse cases from inside the Church before leaving the priesthood in 2003, sees Leo's visit as another opportunity to push for transparency.

他說：「我確實抱有希望。」「但我的希望同樣會逐漸消退……事情必須在教會內部得到修正。」“I do have hope,” he said. “But my hope fades just the same … Things have to be fixed within the Church."

受虐倖存者塞巴斯蒂安・夸特羅莫（Sebastian Cuattromo）說，在阿根廷籍教宗方濟各任內，阿根廷教會本應站在面對性侵問題的「國際最前線」，但未達到他原本希望看到的程度。Abuse survivor Sebastian Cuattromo said the Argentine Church should have been “at the international forefront” of confronting abuse under Argentine Pope Francis, but fell short of what he had hoped to see.

夸特羅莫說：「還有一筆重大的未償債務。」"There is a major outstanding debt," Cuattromo said.

阿根廷主教團拒絕發表評論。Argentina's Episcopal Conference declined to comment.

（墨西哥城Cassandra Garrison、利馬Marco Aquino報導；布宜諾斯艾利斯Lucila Sigal、梵蒂岡城Joshua McElwee補充報導；Rod Nickel編輯）(Reporting by Cassandra Garrison in Mexico City and Marco Aquino in Lima; additional reporting by Lucila Sigal in Buenos Aires and Joshua McElwee in Vatican City; editing by Rod Nickel)