央行稱，較貧困巴西人用於信用卡債務的收入占比為高收入者四倍

作者：Marcela AyresBy Marcela Ayres

巴西利亞，10月27日（路透社）——收入較低的巴西人正把愈來愈高比例的所得用於支付信用卡及其他高成本消費借貸的利息，促使決策官員思考如何降低過度負債。BRASILIA, Oct 27 (Reuters) - Lower-income Brazilians are devoting an increasing share of their earnings to interest on credit-card- and other high-cost consumer borrowing, prompting policymakers to consider how to reduce excessive debt.

新的央行資料顯示，自2023年底以來，巴西民眾愈來愈依賴昂貴的信用形式；當時是總統路易斯・伊納西歐・盧拉・達席爾瓦（Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva）本任期的第一年。盧拉政府長期倡議提高信貸可得性，作為支持經濟成長的方式。The new central bank data point to a growing reliance on expensive forms of credit since late 2023, in the first year of President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva's current term. Lula's administration has long championed greater credit availability as a way to support economic growth.

但在最新金融穩定報告中，央行再次對家庭預算中用於償付高利借貸的比例上升表示關切，並重申正在研究針對風險較高放款領域的總體審慎措施。But in its latest financial stability report, the central bank again flagged concern over the rising portion of household budgets absorbed by the servicing of high-interest borrowing and reiterated that it was studying macroprudential measures aimed at riskier lending segments.

在收入最高為最低工資兩倍、即總計3,242雷亞爾（604美元）的借款人中，6月用於信用卡債務的收入占比為15%，接近歷史高點，且是收入超過最低工資10倍者所記錄3.75%的四倍。Among borrowers earning up to twice the minimum wage, or 3,242 reais ($604) in total, the share of income being spent on credit card debt stood at 15% in June, close to historical highs and four times the 3.75% recorded among those earning more than 10 times the minimum wage.

這項差距在無擔保消費貸款中也很明顯。對收入最高為最低工資兩倍的借款人而言，6月用於償付這類債務的收入占比為9.6%；收入超過最低工資10倍者則為3.1%。The gap was also evident in unsecured consumer loans. For borrowers earning up to twice the minimum wage, the share of income committed to servicing that debt stood at 9.6% in June, compared to 3.1% among those earning more than 10 times the minimum wage.

央行表示，金融服務快速數位化大幅增加了面向低收入消費者的信貸供給，因此推高了債務水準。The central bank said the rapid digitalization of financial services had significantly increased the availability of credit offers to lower-income consumers, and thus raised debt levels.

央行表示：「作為回應，央行正考慮針對風險較高信用領域的總體審慎措施，以降低過度負債，並強化信用永續性及金融體系韌性。」央行並未提供細節。"In response, the central bank is considering macroprudential measures targeting higher-risk credit segments to reduce overindebtedness and strengthen credit sustainability and financial system resilience," it said, without providing details.

報告指出，家庭與企業的償債能力都承受壓力。在家庭方面，債務負擔已達21年來最高水準，低收入借款人承受最大衝擊。The report said debt-servicing capacity is strained for both households and companies. Among families, debt burdens have reached their highest level in 21 years, with low-income borrowers bearing the brunt.

央行表示，信用風險已經上升，且短期內可能維持高檔。The central bank said credit risk has increased and is likely to remain elevated in the near term.

家庭放款中的問題資產已在多數信用領域升至2012年以來最高水準，主要由逾期還款推動；違約指標則顯示，今年下半年壓力將持續存在。Troubled assets in household lending have risen across most credit segments to their highest levels since 2012, driven primarily by delinquency, while default indicators point to continued pressure through the second half of the year.

（1美元 = 5.3719雷亞爾）($1 = 5.3719 reais)

（Marcela Ayres報導；Gabriel Araujo與Kevin Liffey編輯）(Reporting by Marcela Ayres; editing by Gabriel Araujo and Kevin Liffey)