調查期限將至，特斯拉、三星反對美國對越南加徵新關稅

Francesco Guarascio 報導By Francesco Guarascio

河內，11月2日（路透社）——提交給美國政府的意見書顯示，對於華府是否應在本月提議對越南商品加徵新關稅，企業界意見分歧；特斯拉和三星並不贊成，但其他企業則呼籲祭出懲罰措施。HANOI, Nov 2 (Reuters) - Businesses are divided over whether Washington should propose new tariffs on Vietnamese goods this month, with Tesla and Samsung not in favour, while others have called for penalties, submissions to the US government show.

川普政府已設定11月29日為最後期限，要完成一項5月啟動的貿易調查，內容涉及這個東南亞國家被指稱侵犯智慧財產權。美方將越南列為「優先外國國家」，這是13年來首個被納入美國最嚴重觀察名單類別的司法管轄區。The Trump administration has set a November 29 deadline to conclude a trade probe launched in May over the Southeast Asian nation's alleged intellectual property violations. It designated Vietnam as a "priority foreign country", the first jurisdiction in 13 years to be added to the most serious US watchlist category.

美國指控越南「持續未能解決外界長期關切的智慧財產權保護與執法問題」。另一項針對被指稱產能過剩的調查也正在進行。越南已敦促華府客觀進行調查。The US has accused Vietnam of "a persistent failure to resolve long-standing concerns about IP protection and enforcement." A separate probe into alleged excessive capacity is also underway. Vietnam has urged Washington to conduct its investigations objectively.

目前尚不清楚任何與智慧財產權侵害相關的關稅會是全面性措施，還是針對特定產業。美國目前對越南商品課徵12.5%的普遍關稅，這項關稅是在7月、於一項針對越南被指未能防止強迫勞動製商品進口的調查後實施。It is not clear if any tariffs linked to IP violations would be general or sector specific. The US currently levies a general 12.5% tariff on Vietnamese goods that was imposed in July after an investigation into alleged failures to prevent imports of goods made with forced labour.

越南長期被指是中國商品的轉運中心，曾在川普「解放日」後面臨20%關稅，但這些關稅遭最高法院推翻。許多經濟學家表示，川普政府的目標是重新課徵至少與最高法院廢除的關稅相同水準的關稅。Vietnam, long accused of being a transit hub for Chinese goods, faced 20% tariffs after Trump's "Liberation Day", which were struck down by the Supreme Court. Many economists have said the objective of the Trump administration is to reimpose at least the same level of tariffs that the Supreme Court abolished.

電動車製造商特斯拉敦促美國貿易代表署「考量美國製造商的供應鏈需求」。特斯拉在7月2日提交的意見中表示，儘管美國生產已獲得重大投資，部分先進零組件和精密製造設備仍無法在美國國內採購。Electric car maker Tesla urged the US Trade Representative to "take into account the supply chain needs of American manufacturers". Some advanced components and precision manufacturing equipment cannot be sourced domestically despite major investments in US production, it said in comments sent on July 2.

三星美國子公司提出類似論點，指出越南生產三星供應美國市場的智慧型手機和網路設備中相當大的比例。這家南韓企業是越南最大的外國投資者，已在當地投資約250億美元。Samsung's US unit made a similar argument, noting Vietnam produces a significant share of Samsung's smartphones and network equipment for the US market. The South Korean company is Vietnam's largest foreign investor, having invested about $25 billion there.

代表在越南擁有大量製造業務產業的零售團體和貿易協會也反對加徵關稅，這些產業包括鞋類、成衣，以及自行車或電玩遊戲機等消費性商品製造商。Retail groups and trade associations representing industries with extensive manufacturing operations in Vietnam, including footwear, apparel and makers of consumer goods such as bikes or video game consoles, also opposed additional tariffs.

今年前8個月，越南對美出口較2025年同期激增42%，使越南成為對美商品貿易順差最大的美國貿易夥伴，超越中國和墨西哥。相較之下，越南在2025年底排名第4。Vietnam's exports to US surged 42% in the first eight months of this year compared to the same period in 2025, making it the US trading partner with the largest goods surplus ahead of China and Mexico. That compares with its position as the fourth-biggest at the end of 2025.

鋼鐵、太陽能與木材團體指控不公平行為STEEL, SOLAR AND WOOD GROUPS ALLEGE UNFAIR PRACTICES

代表美國鋼鐵、海鮮、合板、太陽能板和木製品生產商的產業團體指控越南存在不公平作法，並呼籲加徵新關稅。Industry groups representing US producers of steel, seafood, plywood, solar panels and wood products accused Vietnam of unfair practices and called for new tariffs.

軟體、電影和音樂產業團體等著作權持有人敦促華府促使越南作出具體承諾，以打擊猖獗的盜版行為。Copyright holders such as software, film and music industry groups urged Washington to secure concrete commitments from Vietnam to combat widespread piracy.

成員包括微軟、甲骨文和IBM的商業軟體聯盟引用2017年的一項調查表示，越南個人電腦安裝的軟體約有四分之三未取得授權。該聯盟批評越南雖一再承諾處理此一問題，但其執法「不足」。The Business Software Alliance, whose members include Microsoft, Oracle and IBM, said about three-quarters of software installed on personal computers in Vietnam was unlicensed, citing a 2017 survey. It criticised what it described as "inadequate enforcement", despite repeated commitments by Vietnam to address the issue.

美國電影協會表示，越南是網路盜版的主要樞紐，託管散布遭竊電影與電視內容的網站，去年在全球吸引超過125億次造訪。該協會呼籲加強執法，並改善合法串流服務的市場准入。The Motion Picture Association said Vietnam was a major hub for online piracy, hosting websites distributing stolen film and television content that attracted over 12.5 billion visits worldwide last year. It called for stronger enforcement and improved market access for legitimate streaming services.

（Francesco Guarascio 報導；Edwina Gibbs 編輯）(Reporting by Francesco Guarascio; Editing by Edwina Gibbs)