美俄關於西撒哈拉的競爭決議案在聯合國安理會均遭否決

安東尼・斯洛德科夫斯基（Antoni Slodkowski）報導By Antoni Slodkowski

聯合國，10月30日（路透社）——俄羅斯週五在安全理事會否決一項由美國起草、涉及西撒哈拉的決議案，使聯合國當地維和特派團在任務期限屆滿前一天仍未獲延長授權。UNITED NATIONS, Oct 30 (Reuters) - Russia vetoed a US-drafted resolution on Western Sahara at the Security Council on Friday, leaving the UN peacekeeping mission there without a renewed mandate just a day before it expires.

該決議原本將把特派團任務再延長一年，同時確立摩洛哥的自治方案為透過談判解決這場長達半世紀衝突的唯一基礎，並縮減其軍事組成部分。The resolution would have extended the mission for another year while cementing Morocco's autonomy plan as the only basis for talks to settle the half-century-old conflict and scaling back its military component.

安理會隨後否決俄羅斯提出、同樣要將特派團任務延長一年的對案。該草案獲得2票贊成、1票反對、11票棄權，未能取得通過所需的9張贊成票。The council then defeated a rival Russian resolution to extend the mission for a year. That draft got 2 votes in favor and 1 against, with 11 abstentions, failing to get the nine affirmative votes needed to pass.

這場對決威脅到一項安理會數十年來例行延長授權的任務前景，也加深圍繞該領土的爭端。西撒哈拉大部分地區由摩洛哥控制，但獲阿爾及利亞支持、尋求建立獨立國家的波利薩里奧陣線（Polisario Front）也聲稱擁有主權。The showdown threatens the future of a mission the council has routinely renewed for decades and deepens a dispute over the territory, most of which is controlled by Morocco but claimed by the Algeria-backed Polisario Front, which seeks an independent state.

摩洛哥王宮歡迎特派團未能延長授權，並表示其人員與設備應在未來數日內離開西撒哈拉。摩洛哥表示，仍致力於維持該領土的停火。波利薩里奧代表西迪・奧馬爾（Sidi Omar）感謝俄羅斯否決美國支持的決議案；他說，該決議將「摧毀聯合國和平進程的根基」，並「威脅區域與國際和平」。Morocco's royal palace welcomed the failure to renew the mission, saying its personnel and equipment should leave Western Sahara in the coming days. Morocco said it remained committed to the ceasefire in the territory. Polisario representative Sidi Omar thanked Russia for vetoing the US-backed resolution, which he said would "torpedo the foundations of the UN peace process" and "threaten regional and international peace".

除非安理會在最後一刻同意延長，否則名為聯合國西撒哈拉全民投票特派團（MINURSO）的任務授權將於10月31日屆滿。Unless the Security Council agrees to a last-minute extension, the mandate for the UN Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara, known as MINURSO, will expire on October 31.

阿爾及利亞外交部週六對MINURSO授權未能延長表示遺憾，並批評其所稱美國起草決議案過度偏袒摩洛哥。Algeria's foreign ministry expressed regret on Saturday over the failure to renew MINURSO's mandate, criticising what it described as the excessive bias of the US-drafted resolution towards Morocco.

樂施會（Oxfam）警告，若失去這項特派團任務，難民可能面臨風險。自波利薩里奧2020年11月表示將恢復「武裝鬥爭」以來，敵對行動一直以低強度持續。Oxfam warned that losing the mission could put refugees at risk. Hostilities have persisted at low levels since Polisario said in November 2020 that it was resuming "armed struggle".

去年，安理會支持摩洛哥自治提案作為解決衝突的基礎，並要求聯合國秘書長安東尼歐・古特瑞斯（Antonio Guterres）提交維和特派團檢討報告，這對波利薩里奧的企圖造成打擊。Last year, the Security Council dealt a blow to Polisario's ambitions when it backed Morocco's autonomy proposal as a basis for resolving the conflict and asked UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres to submit a review of the peacekeeping mission.

這項未獲通過的美國決議案原本會更進一步，將特派團名稱中的全民投票字樣刪除，改名為聯合國西撒哈拉特派團（MINUSO）。The failed US resolution would have gone further, removing the reference to a referendum from the mission's name, renaming it the United Nations Mission in Western Sahara, or MINUSO.

投票後，美國大使麥可・華茲（Michael Waltz）表示，因為長期以來對選民資格存在分歧，全民投票從未舉行。Following the vote, US Ambassador Michael Waltz said a referendum had never taken place because of longstanding disagreements over voter eligibility.

他說：「聯合國官員30年來一直在告訴我們這個現實。」"UN officials have been telling us this reality for 30 years," he said.

他並說：「遺憾的是，本會部分成員動用否決權，只為保住特派團名稱中代表全民投票的字母『R』，即使聯合國數十年來都沒有在準備舉行這樣的投票。」"Unfortunately, some members of this Council have used their veto to preserve the letter 'R' for referendum in the mission's name, even though the United Nations has not been preparing to hold such a vote for decades," he added.

法國與英國這兩個安理會其他常任理事國，以及8個非常任理事國，都支持美國決議案與摩洛哥自治方案。France and the UK — the two other permanent Security Council members — along with eight non-permanent members, backed the US resolution and Morocco's autonomy plan.

特派團面臨風險MISSION AT RISK

俄羅斯表示，美國草案在支持摩洛哥對這塊爭議領土的立場上走得太遠。Russia said the US draft went too far in endorsing Morocco's position on the disputed territory.

俄羅斯駐聯合國代表涅邊賈說：「我們強調，安理會不能自動預先決定涉及主權的事項。」"We stress the fact that the Security Council cannot automatically predetermine matters relating to sovereignty," Russia's UN envoy Vassily Nebenzia said.

他說：「安理會絕不能為這種片面做法背書。因此，我們被迫阻止該草案獲得通過。」"The Security Council must not give a blessing to such a one-sided approach. Therefore we were compelled to block the adoption of the draft," he said.

根據聯合國秘書長的一份報告，這項特派團任務擁有155名軍事人員，負責在聯合國斡旋的停火架構下籌辦全民投票；在今年6月開始的會計年度，預計將花費6200萬美元。With 155 military personnel, the mission, tasked with organizing a referendum as part of a UN-brokered ceasefire, is set to cost $62 million in the fiscal year that started in June this year, according to a UN Secretary-General report.

樂施會在投票後表示：「若失去MINURSO的監測與降溫功能，可能削弱安全與穩定，對平民與和平解決前景造成嚴重後果。」"The loss of MINURSO’s monitoring and de-escalation functions risks undermining security and stability, with serious consequences to civilians and prospects of a peaceful resolution," Oxfam said in reaction to the vote.

雖然多數撒拉威人生活在摩洛哥統治的西撒哈拉，但估計有數萬人住在阿爾及利亞境內由波利薩里奧管理的難民營。While most Sahrawis live in Morocco-ruled Western Sahara, tens of thousands are estimated to be living in Polisario-run refugee camps in Algeria.

遭否決的美國決議案要求對難民進行人口普查。The vetoed US resolution called for a census of the refugees.

團結日UNITY DAY

摩洛哥王宮表示，特派團未獲延長授權是一項「重大發展」，意味著西撒哈拉問題應自安理會審議事項中撤出。Morocco's royal palace said the non-renewal of the mission was a "significant development" and that it meant the Western Sahara issue should be withdrawn from consideration by the Security Council.

王宮在聲明中表示：「MINURSO授權未獲延長，清楚意味著該特派團在王國南部省份的存在，包括其人員、車輛、設備和象徵，應在未來數日內終止。」"The non-renewal of MINURSO's mandate clearly means that the presence of the mission in the Kingdom's southern provinces, including its personnel, vehicles, equipment and symbols, should come to an end in the coming days," the palace said in a statement.

在西撒哈拉最大城市阿尤恩（Laayoune），街道已布置摩洛哥國旗與燈飾，準備慶祝「團結日」。這是王宮宣布設立的節日，用以紀念去年10月31日聯合國安理會的投票。In Laayoune, the largest city in Western Sahara, streets were decorated with Moroccan flags and lights to prepare to celebrate “Unity Day”, a holiday the palace declared to commemorate last year’s UN Security Council vote on October 31.

週三，波利薩里奧在阿爾及利亞南部廷杜夫鎮附近的斯馬拉營地舉行集會。On Wednesday, the Polisario staged a rally at the Smara camp near the town of Tindouf, in southern Algeria.

約數百名男女揮舞波利薩里奧自行宣告成立的撒拉威阿拉伯民主共和國旗幟，聚集在身穿軍裝的波利薩里奧戰士附近，並揮舞標語牌，上面寫著「反對摩洛哥自治方案。支持自決權」等口號。A couple hundred men and women, waving flags of the Polisario's self-proclaimed Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, gathered near Polisario fighters in military fatigues, waving signs with slogans such as "No to Morocco's autonomy plan. Yes to the right to self-determination".

（安東尼・斯洛德科夫斯基、艾哈邁德・艾爾・傑赫蒂米（Ahmed El Jechtimi）報導；迪娜・薩克爾（Dina Sakr）、阿卜杜勒阿齊茲・布姆扎爾（Abdelaziz Boumzar）、哈特姆・馬赫（Hatem Maher）和艾哈邁德・托爾巴（Ahmed Tolba）補充報導；桑吉夫・米格拉尼（Sanjeev Miglani）編輯）(Reporting by Antoni Slodkowski and Ahmed El Jechtimi; additional reporting by Dina Sakr, Abdelaziz Boumzar, Hatem Maher and Ahmed Tolba; Editing by Sanjeev Miglani)