艾薩克・赫佐格：以色列政治混戰中溫和的中間人

莉莉・拜爾（Lili Bayer）、馬揚・盧貝爾（Maayan Lubell）報導By Lili Bayer and Maayan Lubell

耶路撒冷，11月2日（路透）——在一個政治已成近身肉搏之爭的國家，艾薩克・赫佐格這位溫文儒雅的總統，如今肩負說服以色列各黨領袖放下拳頭、籌組政府的任務；他像是較溫和時代的遺緒。JERUSALEM, Nov 2 (Reuters) - In a country where politics has become a bare-knuckled brawl, Isaac Herzog, the mild-mannered president now tasked with persuading Israel's party leaders to lower their fists and form a government, is a throwback to a gentler era.

雖然沒有人會說他天真——他曾擔任反對派領袖，對抗總理班傑明・尼坦雅胡（Benjamin Netanyahu），也曾在尼坦雅胡領導的聯合內閣中任職——但赫佐格溫和低調的作風，可能顯得與這個時代格格不入。Though no one would call him naive — he has served both as leader of the opposition against Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and as a member of a unity cabinet under him — Herzog's soft-spoken manner can appear out of step with the times.

赫佐格出身的中間偏左傳統，曾主導以色列數個世代，如今幾乎已從舞台上消失。取而代之的，是從名義上的中間派到極右派等多個多半立場強硬的政黨，這些政黨由魅力型人物領導，他們以大膽出招和尖酸挖苦聞名，模式正如尼坦雅胡本人。The centre-left tradition from which he hails, which dominated Israel for generations, has all but vanished from the scene. In its place is a proliferation of mostly hawkish parties from the nominal centre to the far right, led by charismatic personalities known for bold stunts and caustic put-downs, in the model of Netanyahu himself.

10月27日選舉後，66歲的赫佐格呼籲展開對話。尼坦雅胡在這場選舉中失去執政多數，但表現優於預期，也讓反對者沒有明確途徑將他拉下台。赫佐格尚未表示，他將把籌組內閣的首次機會交給總理，還是交給對手加迪・艾森科特（Gadi Eisenkot）。After an October 27 election in which Netanyahu lost his governing majority but outperformed expectations and denied his opponents a clear path to unseat him, Herzog, 66, has called for dialogue. He has yet to say whether he will give the prime minister or rival Gadi Eisenkot the first chance to form a cabinet.

他週日表示：「我希望各方代表能以開放的心胸前來，傾聽並提出想法，尋找有創意的解方，避免再次選舉。」"I hope the representatives will come with an open mind and an open heart, to hear and to sound ideas and find creative solutions that would prevent another election," he said on Sunday.

憂心以色列「有瓦解的危險」CONCERNED ISRAEL IS IN 'DANGER OF UNRAVELLING'

三名前顧問向路透表示，他們預期赫佐格將推動盡可能廣泛的政府，以在為時已晚之前，將國家從政治動盪中救出。Three former advisors who spoke to Reuters said they expect Herzog to push for the broadest government possible, to rescue the country from its political turmoil before it is too late.

他的前顧問艾隆・李維（Eylon Levy）說：「赫佐格總統深切憂心，這個國家正在脫軌，且確實面臨從內部瓦解的危險。」"President Herzog is deeply concerned the country is falling off the rails and in genuine danger of unravelling from within," said his former advisor Eylon Levy.

赫佐格未立即回應路透就本文提出的採訪請求。政治專家說，要勸說激烈對立的對手組成政府，最終可能證明是不可能的任務。Herzog did not immediately respond to a request for comment for this story. Political experts say the task of coaxing bitter rivals to form a government may yet prove impossible.

特拉維夫大學政治學者雅艾爾・肖默（Yael Shomer）說：「這項責任在於民選政黨及其領袖，而我不確定任何一方有那樣的意願。」"That responsibility rests with the elected parties and their leaders, and I am not sure either side has that will," said Tel Aviv University political scientist Yael Shomer.

以色列民主研究所政治學者吉迪恩・拉哈特（Gideon Rahat）表示，赫佐格可能雙軌並行：一方面將授權交給兩名主要候選人之一，另一方面在幕後推動尼坦雅胡與艾森科特所屬政黨放下歧見，組成聯合政府。Gideon Rahat, a political scientist at the Israel Democracy Institute, said Herzog may work on two tracks: handing the mandate to one of the two leading candidates, while pushing behind the scenes for the parties of Netanyahu and Eisenkot to bury their differences and form a unity government.

「以開放的心胸前來」"COME WITH AN OPEN MIND AND AN OPEN HEART"

赫佐格是以色列1948年建國後，第一位在以色列境內出生的總統。Herzog is the first president to have been born inside Israel after its founding in 1948.

他出身顯赫政治世家——已故父親哈伊姆・赫佐格（Chaim Herzog）也曾擔任總統10年——並以童年時期帶有玩笑意味的暱稱「布吉」（Buji）聞名；據說這是他母親以帶有法語語感的文字遊戲，取自希伯來文「娃娃」一詞而來。The scion of a storied political family — his late father, Chaim Herzog, also served as president for a decade — he is known by a playful childhood nickname, Buji, said to have been given to him by his mother as French-inflected wordplay on the Hebrew word for doll.

赫佐格曾是以色列軍方情報軍官，職業為律師，2003年首度當選國會議員，之後在政府中擔任數項職務，並於2013年成為工黨領袖。擔任反對派領袖期間，他在2015年選舉中慘敗給尼坦雅胡。An intelligence officer in Israel's military and a lawyer by profession, Herzog was first elected to parliament in 2003 and held several government briefs before becoming leader of the Labour Party in 2013. As opposition leader, he was soundly defeated by Netanyahu in a 2015 election.

2021年，在一個成員混雜的聯盟終於設法讓尼坦雅胡12年來首次下台的數天前，赫佐格獲以色列國會推舉為總統；在那之前，以色列經歷了一連串沒有明確結果的選舉。He was elevated to the presidency by the Knesset in 2021, days before a motley coalition finally managed to unseat Netanyahu for the first time in 12 years, after a succession of inconclusive elections.

但僅僅18個月後，他就不得不主持尼坦雅胡回鍋，領導一個首度納入極右派的政府。But just 18 months later, he was obliged to preside over Netanyahu's return at the helm of a government that included the ultra-right for the first time.

不久後，尼坦雅胡發動限制以色列最高法院權力的行動，引發大規模抗議。赫佐格介入，主持尼坦雅胡與反對派之間的妥協談判。數個月後，哈瑪斯於10月7日對以色列發動攻擊；隨著以色列在加薩、黎巴嫩和伊朗開戰，中東陷入動盪。Soon, Netanyahu launched a bid to curb the powers of Israel's Supreme Court, which sparked mass protests. Herzog stepped in to host compromise talks between Netanyahu and the opposition. A few months later, Hamas launched its October 7 attack on Israel, plunging the Middle East into turmoil as Israel went to war in Gaza, Lebanon and Iran.

過去一年，赫佐格面臨美國總統唐納・川普（Donald Trump）公開施壓，要求他赦免尼坦雅胡長期以來的貪腐指控。Over the past year, Herzog has faced public pressure from US President Donald Trump to pardon Netanyahu from longstanding corruption charges.

赫佐格迄今仍未讓步，但一些政治專家認為，他仍可能透過提供某種形式的方案來解決尼坦雅胡所涉刑事案件，作為組成聯合政府協議的一部分，從而發揮作用。Herzog has so far resisted, but some political experts believe he could yet have a role to play by offering some form of resolution to the criminal case against Netanyahu as part of a deal to form a unity government.

肖默說：「我猜會有一項協議擺上檯面。至於是什麼樣的協議，以及是否會被任何一方接受，那就是另一回事了。」"I suspect a deal will be on the table. What type of a deal and will it be accepted by either side — that is a different story," said Shomer.

（補充報導：德迪・哈雍Writing；撰稿：馬揚・盧貝爾；編輯：彼得・葛拉夫）(Additional reporting by Dedi HayunWriting by Maayan LubellEditing by Peter Graff)