隨著賠償辯論升溫，加勒比海倡議人士以一個英國家族為例

弗蘭雀絲卡・哈利威爾撰稿By Francesca Halliwell

11月2日（路透社）——英國記者蘿拉・特里維廉（Laura Trevelyan）2023年前往格瑞那達，為家族在殖民奴隸制度中扮演的角色道歉，並承諾捐出10萬英鎊（13萬4000美元）支持教育時，加勒比海地區的賠償倡議人士看到的不只是一項懺悔之舉。Nov 2 (Reuters) - When British journalist Laura Trevelyan travelled to Grenada in 2023 to apologise for her family's role in colonial slavery and pledge £100,000 ($134,000) towards education, Caribbean reparations advocates saw more than an act of contrition.

他們看到的是修復式正義實際上可能如何落實的一個例子。They saw an example of what reparatory justice could look like in practice.

3年後，英國表示願意道歉，也願意採取未達賠償程度的補救形式；倡議人士則說，特里維廉家族的做法讓人得以一窺道歉與實際支持如何相輔相成。Three years later, as Britain says it is open to an apology and forms of redress short of reparation, campaigners say the Trevelyan family's approach offers a glimpse of how apology and practical support can work together.

特里維廉告訴路透社，她希望英國政府與王室能不只承認奴隸制度的恐怖，也能進一步處理「當下的遺緒」，並建立能帶來改變的夥伴關係。Trevelyan told Reuters she hoped the British government and royal family would move beyond acknowledging the horrors of slavery towards addressing the "legacies of the present", and forming partnerships that could make a difference.

她說：「加勒比海迫切需要具氣候韌性的基礎建設。這難道不是英國政府可以協助的事，作為償還奴隸制度時期債務的一種方式嗎？」"There is an urgent need for climate-resilient infrastructure in the Caribbean," she said. "Isn't this something Britain's government could help with as a way of repaying the debt from the period of slavery?"

基金在昔日奴隸目的地提供助學金FUND PROVIDES BURSARIES IN FORMER SLAVE DESTINATION

格瑞那達國家賠償委員會表示，特里維廉基金已透過助學金與獎學金，協助格瑞那達50多名學生。The Trevelyan fund has helped more than 50 students in Grenada through bursaries and scholarships, according to the Grenada National Reparations Committee.

格瑞那達國家賠償委員會副主席妮可・菲利普（Nicole Philip）說：「如果一個家族可以站出來道歉並支付賠償金，為什麼英國政府不行？為什麼王室不行？」"If a family can come forward, apologise, and make reparations payments, why not the British government?" said Nicole Philip, vice-chair of Grenada's National Reparations Committee. "Why not the royal family?"

大英國協各國領袖本週齊聚安地卡及巴布達出席峰會，預料奴隸制度與修復式正義的辯論將主導會議議程；加勒比海各國政府正敦促前殖民強權更直接地參與討論。Commonwealth leaders gather in Antigua and Barbuda this week for a summit expected to be dominated by debate over slavery and reparatory justice, with Caribbean governments pressing former colonial powers to engage more directly.

多次對奴隸制度表達悲痛的查爾斯國王，預計週二發表演說。King Charles, who has repeatedly expressed sorrow for slavery, is expected to make a speech on Tuesday.

但這些強權一直不願考慮賠償，以及賠償所引發的棘手問題：應該支付多少？今天的公民是否該為過去的罪愆付出代價？誰應該受益？But those powers have been reluctant to countenance reparations and the difficult questions they raise: How much should be paid? Should today's citizens pay for the sins of the past? Who should benefit?

根據跨大西洋奴隸貿易資料庫（Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database），從15世紀到19世紀，數以百萬計非洲人被歐洲商人販賣為奴；其中英國估計運送了320萬人橫渡大西洋。From the 15th to the 19th century, millions of Africans were sold into slavery by European traders, with Britain transporting an estimated 3.2 million people across the Atlantic, according to the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database.

預定出席峰會的英國首相安迪・伯納姆（Andy Burnham），週六在《衛報》（Guardian）撰文表示，他願意作出正式道歉，但並補充說：British Prime Minister Andy Burnham, due to attend the summit, wrote in Saturday's Guardian newspaper that he was open to making a formal apology, but added:

「我不認為今天的英國人民能被要求對歷史上的錯誤負責，不論那些錯誤多麼令人髮指；那些事發生在不同時代、不同法律之下，而今天的英國人民個人並未參與其中。」"I do not think that British people today can be held liable for historical wrongs, however heinous, that happened in a different age under different laws and in which they played no personal part."

他也說，他希望推動「一項新的債務行動」，協助更多脆弱國家「以更長期限和更佳利率償還」。He also said he wanted to launch "a new drive on debt", helping more vulnerable countries "repay over a longer time period and with better rates".

倡議人士表示，不應只以金錢角度看待賠償；他們轉而指出，教育、醫療保健、氣候韌性、債務減免與發展融資等方面的援助，都是處理他們認為源自奴隸制度與殖民主義的不平等的方式。Campaigners say reparations should not be viewed solely in monetary terms, pointing instead to assistance in education, healthcare, climate resilience, debt relief and development finance as ways of addressing inequalities they trace to slavery and colonialism.

特里維廉是前BBC記者，她的祖先曾在格瑞那達擁有種植園。她說，家族成員曾研究他們與奴隸制度的關係，並在前往該島公開道歉、成立基金之前，與格瑞那達歷史學者和賠償倡議人士合作。Trevelyan is a former BBC correspondent whose ancestors owned plantations in Grenada. She said family members had researched their involvement in slavery and worked with Grenadian historians and reparations advocates before travelling to the island to apologise publicly and establish the fund.

（1美元＝0.7468英鎊）($1 = 0.7468 pounds)

（弗蘭雀絲卡・哈利威爾採訪報導；薩姆・塔巴赫里蒂撰稿；凱文・利菲編輯）(Reporting by Francesca Halliwell; Writing by Sam Tabahriti; Editing by Kevin Liffey)