若民主黨勝選，川普白宮規劃不經國會施政路線

南迪塔・博斯（Nandita Bose）與提姆・里德（Tim Reid）報導By Nandita Bose and Tim Reid

華盛頓，11月1日（路透）——一名白宮官員與兩名知情人士表示，美國總統唐納・川普的白宮數月來一直在為民主黨可能接管國會做準備，擬定計畫讓他透過行政權力繼續推進其主要議程的重大部分，同時也準備因應對其政府的調查。WASHINGTON, Nov 1 (Reuters) - President Donald Trump's White House has spent months preparing for a possible Democratic takeover of Congress, developing plans to keep advancing major parts of his agenda through executive power while bracing for investigations of his administration, according to a White House official and two people familiar with the plans.

這3名因事涉敏感而要求匿名的人士表示，包括副幕僚長史蒂芬・米勒（Stephen Miller）和預算主管羅素・沃特（Russell Vought）在內的高階官員，自4月以來一直與白宮法律顧問辦公室合作，確認川普無需國會批准即可採取的行政行動，涉及移民、關稅、住房成本與聯邦支出等議題。Senior officials, including deputy chief of staff Stephen Miller and budget director Russell Vought, have been working with the White House Counsel's Office since April to identify executive actions on immigration, tariffs, housing costs and federal spending that Trump could pursue without congressional approval, said the three people, who spoke on the condition of anonymity.

這名白宮官員表示，白宮法律顧問威爾・沙夫（Will Scharf）及其團隊也在研究「川普依法能自行做些什麼、在哪些地方可以挑戰其權限界線，以及如何在法院為這些決定辯護」。White House counsel Will Scharf and his team also are looking at "what Trump can legally do on his own, where he could push the limits of his authority and how to defend those decisions in court," the White House official said.

這項規劃凸顯週二期中選舉的一項矛盾：若民主黨取得國會控制權，將有權調查川普、阻擋法案並限制他的支出優先事項。但川普仍會保有對貿易、外交政策與聯邦官僚體系的廣泛行政權限，而他在第二任期內已積極運用這些權限。The planning underscores a paradox of Tuesday's midterm elections: Capturing control of Congress would give Democrats the power to investigate Trump, block legislation and constrain his spending priorities. But Trump would retain broad executive authority over trade, foreign policy and the federal bureaucracy that he has already used aggressively during his second term.

川普表示，若共和黨失去國會控制權，他預期自己可能會先行使「一兩個月」否決權，之後再與民主黨達成妥協。If Republicans lose control of Congress, Trump said he expects he could issue vetoes for "a month or two" before reaching compromises with Democrats.

川普在週日公布的一段訪談節錄中告訴《紐約郵報》（New York Post）的Pod Force One podcast：「我想我會變成否決先生。然後到某個時候，我們大概會達成交易。」"I guess I'll become Mr. Veto," Trump told the New York Post's Pod Force One podcast in an interview excerpt released on Sunday. "And then at some point, we'll probably make deals."

共和黨目前在美國眾議院與美國參議院分別擁有218比214席、53比47席的微弱多數；民主黨若要翻轉局勢，需要在眾議院以及參議院淨增4席。民調看好民主黨贏下眾議院，參議院選情則仍難以預測。Democrats need a net gain of four seats in the US House of Representatives as well as the US Senate to overturn Republicans' narrow 218-214 and 53-47 majorities. Opinion polls favor Democrats to win the House, while the Senate remains too close to call.

過去一個月，川普在全國各地舉行造勢活動，試圖保住共和黨對國會的控制權；與此同時，他的幕僚私下則為2027年截然不同的政治版圖做準備。For the past month, Trump has held rallies across the country trying to preserve Republican control of Congress, even as his aides privately prepare for a very different political landscape in 2027.

白宮駁斥共和黨可能敗選的說法，並指控媒體在宣傳錯誤敘事。The White House pushed back on the prospect of Republican losses and accused the media of promoting a false narrative.

白宮發言人蘿倫・比斯（Lauren Bis）表示：「本屆政府與具常識的共和黨人將繼續鞏固我們的邊境、恢復法律與秩序，把更多錢放回辛勤工作的美國人口袋，並為美國人民交出成果。」"This administration and commonsense Republicans will continue to secure our borders, restore law and order, putting more money back into the pockets of hard-working Americans, and deliver wins for the American people," White House spokeswoman Lauren Bis said.

這名白宮官員表示，正在考慮的行政行動包括對關鍵礦物和風力渦輪機進口品祭出新關稅、收緊國際學生和臨時外籍勞工的簽證規定，以及旨在降低住房與營建成本的措施。Among the executive actions under consideration are new tariffs on imports of critical minerals and wind turbines, tighter rules on visas for international students and temporary foreign workers, and measures aimed at lowering housing and construction costs, the White House official said.

一名了解相關計畫的人士表示，聯邦機關已提交政府可單方面採取行動的提案與法律審查。Federal agencies have submitted proposals and legal reviews of actions the administration could take unilaterally, one of the people with knowledge of the plans said.

其中兩名人士表示，沃特領導的美國行政管理和預算局（US Office of Management and Budget）負責監督聯邦支出，他正在檢視哪些優先事項可以利用國會已撥付的資金向前推進。Vought, whose US Office of Management and Budget oversees federal spending, is examining which priorities can move forward using money already appropriated by Congress, two of the people said.

他們表示，沃特也希望修改聯邦補助規則，讓政治任命官員對哪些政府計畫可獲得納稅人資金有更多發言權；這可能使白宮無需尋求國會批准，就能對聯邦支出擁有更大影響力。He also wants to change federal grant rules to give political appointees more say in which government programs receive taxpayer money, they said, potentially giving the White House more influence over federal spending without seeking congressional approval.

這名白宮官員表示，川普已聽取相關準備工作的簡報，並參與有關討論。Trump has been briefed on the preparations and has taken part in discussions about them, the White House official said.

當被問及若面對民主黨掌控的國會，川普對透過行政權施政會有多自在時，其中一名人士說：「非常自在。」When asked how comfortable Trump would be governing through executive authority under a Democratic Congress, one of the people said, "very comfortable."

不經國會施政GOVERNING WITHOUT CONGRESS

川普自2025年1月重返白宮以來，已經試探總統權力的範圍。他運用行政權祭出廣泛關稅、加強移民執法、縮減聯邦人力，並在未經國會批准或未通過新法律的情況下推動外交政策目標，包括對伊朗作戰。Trump has already tested the reach of presidential power since returning to office in January 2025, using executive authority to impose sweeping tariffs, intensify immigration enforcement, shrink the federal workforce, and pursue foreign-policy goals including the war against Iran without Congress' approval or new laws.

一項重大例外是川普的大規模減稅與支出削減方案，該案由共和黨掌控的國會通過，並由總統於2025年7月簽署成法。A major exception was Trump's massive package of tax and spending cuts that was passed by the Republican-controlled Congress and signed into law by the president in July 2025.

提供無黨派政治分析的《Inside Elections》編輯納森・岡薩雷斯（Nathan Gonzales）表示：「過去兩年，川普總統基本上無視國會，並試圖盡可能透過行政命令和行政權來行事。我認為，如果民主黨取得多數，他只會繼續這麼做。」"President Trump in the last two years has basically ignored Congress and tried to do as much as possible through executive orders and executive power," said Nathan Gonzales, editor at Inside Elections, which provides nonpartisan political analysis. "I think he will only continue if there are Democratic majorities."

川普一再援引國家緊急狀態，以擴大自己在沒有新立法的情況下採取行動的能力。國會可投票終止這些緊急狀態，但川普可以否決此舉，使兩院都必須以三分之二多數才能推翻他的否決。Trump has repeatedly invoked national emergencies to expand his ability to act without new legislation. Congress can vote to end those emergencies, but Trump could veto such a move, requiring two-thirds majorities in both chambers to override him.

民主黨掌控的國會仍可能製造重大障礙。A Democratic Congress could still create significant obstacles.

若掌控參議院，民主黨將能阻擋川普提名的司法與行政部門人選，包括任何最高法院大法官人選。Control of the Senate would allow Democrats to block Trump's judicial and executive-branch nominees, including any Supreme Court pick.

田納西大學諾克斯維爾分校公共政策教授、並著有期中選舉史著作的安德魯・布希（Andrew Busch）表示：「我預期他們會非常不願意批准總統的任何任命。」"I would anticipate they will be very reluctant to approve any of the president's appointments," said Andrew Busch, a public policy professor at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, and author of a history of midterm elections.

民主黨也可能拒絕通過川普支持的法案。但川普可以否決他不喜歡的民主黨法案，而民主黨在眾議院不太可能有足夠票數推翻他的否決。Democrats could also refuse to pass Trump-backed legislation. But Trump could veto Democratic legislation he doesn't like, and Democrats are unlikely to have enough votes in the House to override him.

法院可能阻擋超出川普法定權限的行政行動。一名人士表示，白宮計畫向司法部尋求法律意見，以判定川普在沒有國會的情況下能做什麼，以及若這些行動在法院遭到挑戰，該如何為其辯護。Courts could block executive actions that exceed Trump's legal authority. The White House plans to seek legal opinions from the Justice Department to determine what Trump can do without Congress and how to defend those actions if they are challenged in court, one of the people said.

民主黨的調查DEMOCRATIC INVESTIGATIONS

不過，有一項挑戰無法透過行政行動迴避：國會調查。One challenge, however, cannot be sidestepped through executive action: congressional investigations.

路透先前報導，眾議院民主黨高層與委員會助理曾討論運用聽證會、傳票和文件要求，審查川普是否利用總統權力圖利自己、盟友或捐助者。Reuters previously reported that senior House Democrats and committee aides have discussed using hearings, subpoenas and document requests to examine whether Trump has used his presidential power to benefit himself, allies or donors.

3名人士都表示，川普幕僚數月來一直在為這種可能性做準備。Trump aides have been preparing for that prospect for months, all three people said.

一名人士表示，白宮律師一直在向政治任命官員與機關首長簡報，說明如何處理國會詢問、文件要求和傳票。他們已建議官員在書面內容上務必謹慎。White House lawyers have been briefing political appointees and agency leaders on how to handle congressional inquiries, document requests and subpoenas, one person said. They have advised officials to be careful about what they put in writing.

這名人士表示，他們也已尋求司法部意見，該意見可能允許川普援引行政特權，保護他與私人顧問的通信不受國會審查。They also sought a Justice Department opinion that could allow Trump to invoke executive privilege to shield communications with private advisers from congressional scrutiny, the person said.

（南迪塔・博斯與提姆・里德報導，多伊娜・基亞庫（Doina Chiacu）補充報導；柯琳・詹金斯（Colleen Jenkins）、阿利斯泰爾・貝爾（Alistair Bell）、威爾・鄧納姆（Will Dunham）與塞爾吉奧・農（Sergio Non）編輯）(Reporting by Nandita Bose and Tim Reid, additional reporting by Doina Chiacu; Editing by Colleen Jenkins, Alistair Bell, Will Dunham and Sergio Non)