波蘭總理圖斯克在法院危機中承諾支持憲法法庭

作者：帕維爾・弗洛爾凱維奇與尤絲蒂娜・帕夫拉克By Pawel Florkiewicz and Justyna Pawlak

華沙，10月31日（路透）——波蘭總理唐納・圖斯克（Donald Tusk）試圖保證，該國憲法法庭將依法運作。此前，前任極右派政府盟友、總統卡羅爾・納夫羅茨基（Karol Nawrocki）指控圖斯克策動強行接管該法庭。WARSAW, Oct 31 (Reuters) - Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk sought to offer assurances that the country's Constitutional Tribunal will operate in accordance with the law, after President Karol Nawrocki, an ally of the previous hard-right government, accused him of staging a forced takeover of the court.

週五晚間，憲法法庭表示，任職最久的法官安娜・科爾溫-皮奧特羅夫斯卡（Anna Korwin-Piotrowska）已將該法庭庭長、圖斯克民族主義前任任命的波格丹・希維奇科夫斯基（Bogdan Swieczkowski）停職，目前由她掌管法庭。Late on Friday, the Constitutional Tribunal said its longest-serving judge Anna Korwin-Piotrowska had suspended Bogdan Swieczkowski, the tribunal's president and an appointee of Tusk's nationalist predecessor, and was now in charge of the court.

此舉使納夫羅茨基與圖斯克親歐洲政府之間，圍繞司法機構控制權的鬥爭升高。The move escalated a battle between Nawrocki and Tusk's pro-European government over control of the judiciary.

圖斯克在電視演說中表示：「我確信憲法法庭將會照應有方式運作。同時，也會獨立於我，並符合憲法。」"I am certain that the Constitutional Tribunal will function as it should. Also, independently of me and in line with the constitution," Tusk said in a televised speech.

「行政部門的任務，也就是我的任務，是確保其安全與工作條件，而我打算履行我的職責。」"The task of the executive branch, and therefore mine, is to ensure its safety and working conditions, and I intend to fulfill my duty."

希維奇科夫斯基遭停職後，納夫羅茨基採取戲劇性行動，於週五晚間讓原本飛往塞內加爾的班機折返，前往華沙市中心的法庭總部。In a dramatic move, Nawrocki turned back his plane in which he was heading to Senegal late on Friday and headed for the court headquarters in central Warsaw, following Swieczkowski's suspension.

自週五下午起，鎮暴警察一直在法庭外戒備，現場有數百名抗議者聚集，要求讓希維奇科夫斯基復職。Riot police have been guarding the court since Friday afternoon, with several hundred protesters gathered to demand Swieczkowski's reinstatement.

納夫羅茨基週六清晨在法庭外透過助理宣讀聲明表示：「今晚，波蘭共和國的公共秩序遭到破壞，一個憲政機關遭到強行接管。」"Tonight, there was a breach of public order in the Republic of Poland and a forcible takeover of a constitutional body," Nawrocki said in a statement read by an aide outside the court early on Saturday.

納夫羅茨基整個週六都在進行政治諮商。Nawrocki held political consultations throughout Saturday.

圖斯克在X上發文表示，他的政府正試圖恢復法治；歐盟曾指控他的前任——法律與公正黨——破壞法治。Tusk, writing on X, said his government was seeking to restore the rule of law, which the European Union had accused his predecessors — the Law and Justice Party — of subverting.

他說：「這個過程很困難，有時甚至痛苦，而且需要果斷行動。沒有其他路可走。」"This process is difficult, at times even painful, and requires decisive action. There is no other way," he said.

長期政治爭端LONG-RUNNING POLITICAL DISPUTE

圍繞憲法法庭的長期政治爭端，實際上已使該機構陷入癱瘓；親歐洲政府與民族主義總統都拒絕承認對方提出的任命人選。A long-running political dispute over the Constitutional Tribunal has effectively paralysed the institution, with the pro-European government and the nationalist president refusing to recognise appointees put forward by the other side.

這場爭端可追溯至2015年，當時法律與公正黨試圖任命法官，填補前一屆政府已任命人選的席位。The dispute dates back to 2015, when Law and Justice sought to appoint judges to seats already filled by the previous government.

該黨提名的人選在憲法法庭取得多數席次，而波蘭國內外批評者表示，該法庭已不再符合依法設立、獨立且公正的法庭標準。Its nominees gained a majority on the Constitutional Tribunal, while critics at home and abroad said the court no longer met the standards of an independent and impartial tribunal established by law.

圖斯克的聯合政府於2023年上台後，承諾恢復法治並改革憲法法庭，但法律與公正黨盟友納夫羅茨基自2025年當選總統以來，一直採取行動阻撓這些努力。After Tusk's coalition took office in 2023 it pledged to restore the rule of law and reform the court, but Law and Justice ally Nawrocki has acted to thwart those efforts since his election as president in 2025.

今年稍早，納夫羅茨基拒絕讓國會提名的6名法官中3人宣誓就職；而法律與公正黨政府時期的前副司法部長希維奇科夫斯基，則拒絕讓現任國會多數派選出的法官入席。Earlier this year, Nawrocki refused to swear in three of six judges nominated by parliament, while Swieczkowski, a former deputy justice minister in the Law and Justice administration, declined to seat judges elected by the current parliamentary majority.

上個月，國會任命圖斯克盟友馬切伊・貝雷克（Maciej Berek）進入憲法法庭；批評者表示，這削弱了政府宣稱要恢復制衡的目標。Last month, parliament appointed Tusk ally Maciej Berek to the tribunal, which critics said undermined the government's stated goal of restoring checks and balances.

（尤絲蒂娜・帕夫拉克報導；蘇珊・芬頓與范克林・保羅編輯）(Reporting by Justyna Pawlak; Editing by Susan Fenton and Fanklin Paul)