和平遊行後法國出現零星衝突，警方嚴防萬聖夜暴力

米歇爾・羅斯與克洛泰爾・阿希採訪報導By Michel Rose and Clotaire Achi

巴黎，10月31日（路透社）—— 法國週六晚間，全國各地因生活成本與公共服務吃緊引發憤怒的示威結束時，巴黎及其他法國城市爆發衝突；與此同時，萬聖節慶祝活動展開，當局警告夜間可能出現進一步暴力。PARIS, Oct 31 (Reuters) - Scuffles broke out in Paris and other French cities on Saturday evening at the end of nationwide demonstrations driven by anger over living costs and strained public services, while authorities warned of possible further violence overnight with Halloween celebrations under way.

這些抗議在下午大致和平進行，並在10月17日暴動與劫掠事件後連續第3個週末登場。當時安全部隊措手不及，全國各地商店、公共建築與企業留下大片損壞痕跡。The protests, which were largely peaceful through the afternoon, continued for a third weekend after riots and looting on October 17 that caught security forces off guard, leaving a trail of damage to shops, public buildings and businesses across the country.

在巴黎遊行結束時，鎮暴警察衝鋒驅散小群滋事者；在法國第3大城里昂，以及西南部土魯斯，警方則發射催淚瓦斯。馬賽未經許可的抗議活動結束時也出現緊張情勢，但夜幕降臨時已恢復平靜。Riot police charged to disperse small groups of rioters at the end of the Paris march, and fired tear gas in Lyon, France's third-largest city, and in Toulouse in the southwest. There were also tensions at the end of unauthorised protests in Marseille, but calm had returned as night fell.

內政部長洛朗・努涅茲（Laurent Nunez）在遊行後告訴記者：「安全部隊守住陣線，保護了市中心。公共秩序得以維持。」他並說，警方曾面臨「大量暴力」。他表示，在他所稱有人號召萬聖夜起事的情況下，當局目前正準備應對晚間稍後可能出現的零星動亂。"Security forces held their ground and protected city centres. Public order was maintained," Interior Minister Laurent Nunez told reporters after the marches, adding that police had faced "a great deal of violence". He said authorities were now bracing for scattered unrest later in the evening, amid what he said were calls for insurrection on Halloween night.

努涅茲補充說：「今天還沒結束。對於今晚想尋釁滋事的人，我們已準備好，並會堅決回應。」"The day is not over. We are ready for those looking for a fight tonight, and we will respond firmly," Nunez added.

法國的抗議激發歐洲各地由青年主導的「Z世代」抗議活動，週六德國多座城市也出現示威。義大利同樣有抗議活動。The protests in France have inspired youth-led "Gen-Z" protests across Europe, with demonstrations in several German cities on Saturday. There were also protests in Italy.

這些遊行集結了9月開始動員的學生、工會，以及規模較小的反建制「黃背心」抗議者。他們共同不滿生活成本、高燃油價格、通膨上升，以及艾曼紐・馬克宏（Emmanuel Macron）總統政府。The marches brought together students — who began mobilising in September — with trade unions and a smaller contingent of anti-establishment Yellow Vest protesters, united by complaints over the cost of living, high fuel prices, rising inflation and President Emmanuel Macron's government.

抗議者傑羅姆・羅德里格斯（Jerome Rodriguez）在巴黎遊行期間說：「不管發生什麼，法國經濟都很糟，因為今天治理我們的是一群無能之輩，他們操弄數十億資金，而家庭卻為幾分錢苦苦掙扎。」"The French economy is doing badly no matter what happens, because today we're being run by a group of incompetents who juggle billions, while families are struggling with a few cents," protester Jerome Rodriguez said during the Paris march.

「這就是我們在這裡的原因，要不斷更大聲喊出我們的訴求，並希望政府有所回應，雖然那看起來非常不可能。」"That's why we're here, to keep shouting our demands louder and louder and hopefully get a response from the government, although that seems very unlikely."

極左派領袖讓-呂克・梅蘭雄近幾週在明年4月總統大選前聲勢上升，他走在巴黎示威隊伍最前方。Far-left leader Jean-Luc Melenchon, whose ratings have risen in recent weeks ahead of next April's presidential election, marched at the head of the Paris demonstration.

法國最高行政法院已維持禁止在巴黎地標廣場民族廣場與巴士底廣場之間遊行的命令，駁回工會提出的異議。當局改為批准一條沿首都東緣林蔭大道行進、避開中央商業區的路線。France's top administrative court had upheld a ban on a march between the landmark Paris squares of Nation and Bastille, rejecting a challenge from unions. Authorities instead authorised a route along boulevards on the eastern edge of the capital, away from central shopping districts.

內政部表示，這次參與人數低於前兩個週六的抗議，全國有32萬名示威者，其中巴黎有7萬人。前一週為41萬人，10月17日則為55萬人。Turnout was lower than for the previous two Saturdays of protests, with 320,000 protesters nationwide, including 70,000 in Paris, the Interior Ministry said. That compares with 410,000 the week before and 550,000 on October 17.

內政部在聲明中表示，意圖破壞與劫掠的「激進分子」曾試圖在波爾多、土魯斯、里昂和馬賽等城市脫離遊行隊伍，但遭安全部隊阻止。The Interior Ministry said in a statement that "radical elements" intent on damage and looting had attempted to break away from marches in cities including Bordeaux, Toulouse, Lyon and Marseille, but were thwarted by security forces.

內政部補充說，在火車站與道路上的安全檢查發現有人攜帶可用作武器的物品。It added that security checks at railway stations and roads had uncovered people carrying objects that could be used as weapons.

萬聖節面具警告HALLOWEEN MASKS WARNING

當局警告，萬聖節面具可能被用來掩飾滋事者身分。內政部長洛朗・努涅茲誓言防止10月17日暴力事件重演，並指出現行法律允許警方在公共秩序受到威脅時禁止遮蓋臉部。Authorities have warned that Halloween masks could be used to conceal the identities of rioters. Interior Minister Laurent Nunez has vowed to prevent a repeat of the October 17 violence, noting that existing laws allow police to prohibit face coverings when public order is threatened.

這波動亂發生在政府處境微妙之際。週五，信評機構惠譽出乎意料地將法國債務展望調降為負向，凸顯投資人對該國財政的憂慮。在公共債務接近經濟產出的120%、借貸成本上升之際，馬克宏政府面臨愈來愈大的削減支出壓力，限制了政策操作空間。The unrest comes at a delicate moment for the government. On Friday, ratings agency Fitch unexpectedly revised the outlook on French debt to negative, underscoring investor concerns over the country's finances. With public debt nearing 120% of economic output and borrowing costs rising, Macron's government faces mounting pressure to curb spending, limiting its room for manoeuvre.

美國大使館建議旅客避開計畫舉行示威或大型集會的地區。The US Embassy advised travellers to avoid areas where demonstrations or large gatherings were planned.

抗議始於學生PROTESTS BEGAN WITH STUDENTS

隨著馬克宏的少數政府就2027年預算展開協商，抗議在9月底聲勢升高。學生因學校狀況惡化、教室過度擁擠，以及普遍被視為不公平的大學入學制度而感到憤怒；此後，工會與再度壯大的黃背心運動也加入，要求政府處理生活成本問題。The protests gathered momentum in late September as Macron's minority government opened talks on its 2027 budget. Students angered by the deteriorating state of schools, overcrowded classrooms and a university admissions system widely viewed as unfair have since been joined by trade unions and a resurgent Yellow Vest movement demanding action on living costs.

法國政府承諾改革教育並緩解燃油成本，但未能平息不滿。The French government's promises to reform education and ease fuel costs have failed to calm discontent.

巴黎郊區馬恩河畔諾讓15歲高中生亞倫・貝爾蒂耶・德・格朗德里（Aaron Berthier de Grandry）說：「我小時候，別人告訴我年輕人是未來。」他當時計畫連續第3個週末參加抗議。"When I was little, I was told young people were the future," said Aaron Berthier de Grandry, a 15-year-old high school student in the Paris suburb of Nogent-sur-Marne, who was planning to join his third consecutive weekend of protests.

「那麼，如果我們作為法國的未來卻缺乏資源，那就意味著法國最後會崩塌。」"Well, if we, as the future of France, lack resources, that means France will end up collapsing."

這波動亂為極右派領袖瑪琳・雷朋（Marine Le Pen）帶來政治助力；她在明年4月總統大選前的民調中領先，而可能接替馬克宏的中間派人士仍意見分歧。The unrest has handed a political boost to far-right leader Marine Le Pen, who leads opinion polls ahead of April's presidential election, while potential centrist successors to Macron remain divided.

這些麻煩是對法國經濟的最新打擊；週五公布的數據顯示，法國經濟在第3季已經萎縮。The troubles are the latest blow to an economy which data on Friday showed was already shrinking in the third quarter.

商會估計，在3週動亂期間，零售商損失已超過10億歐元（11億美元）。其他估算認為，若納入未投保損害與營收損失，總額將是這個數字的兩倍。The Chamber of Commerce estimates that losses to retailers during the three weeks of unrest has exceeded €1 billion ($1.1 billion). Other estimates put the total at double that when including uninsured damage and lost revenue.

巴黎主要購物林蔭大道沿線，提早亮起的耶誕燈飾映照著以木板封住的窗戶與安全鐵柵。前幾個週末動亂中遭鎖定的商店，包括愛馬仕（Hermes）、路易威登（Louis Vuitton）與博柏利（Burberry）等精品品牌門市。Along Paris' main shopping boulevards, early Christmas lights glowed around boarded-up windows and security grilles. Among the shops targeted in the unrest of previous weekends were outlets belonging to luxury brands including Hermes, Louis Vuitton and Burberry.

（1美元 = 0.8962歐元）($1 = 0.8962 euros)

（Noemie Olive、Dominique Vidalon、Alessandro Parodi、Inti Landauro、Michel Rose補充報導；Mark John撰稿；Ros Russell、Susan Fenton、Alex Richardson與Edmund Klamann編輯）(Additional reporting by Noemie Olive, Dominique Vidalon, Alessandro Parodi, Inti Landauro, Michel Rose; Writing by Mark John; Editing by Ros Russell, Susan Fenton, Alex Richardson and Edmund Klamann)