美國批准向烏克蘭出售21億美元愛國者飛彈

記者麥克・史東、安德莉亞・沙拉爾與湯姆・巴爾姆福斯By Mike Stone, Andrea Shalal and Tom Balmforth

10月30日（路透社）— 美國國務院週五表示，已批准向烏克蘭出售500枚愛國者PAC-3飛彈，估計金額達21億美元；這將是川普第二任政府上任以來，向基輔供應防禦性武器的最重大舉措之一。Oct 30 (Reuters) - The US State Department said on Friday it had approved the sale of 500 Patriot PAC-3 missiles to Ukraine for an estimated $2.1 billion, in what would be one of the most significant steps to supply defensive weapons to Kyiv since the start of the second Trump administration.

美國總統唐納・川普宣布與俄羅斯達成柴油協議，並批評烏克蘭總統弗拉迪米爾・澤倫斯基不願停止攻擊俄羅斯煉油廠後，飛彈交付延宕已加劇烏克蘭與美國之間的緊張。Delayed missile deliveries have ‌added ⁠to Ukraine's tensions with the US after President Donald Trump announced a diesel deal with Russia and criticised Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskiy for Ukraine's unwillingness to stop attacks on Russian refineries.

烏克蘭長期以來表示，急需更多飛彈攔截器，以擊落俄羅斯軍方對該國發射、規模日益擴大的多波飛彈。愛國者飛彈系統是反制高速彈道飛彈最有效的武器。Ukraine has long said it urgently needs more missile interceptors to knock down the growing waves of missiles Russia's military fires at the country. The Patriot missile system is the most effective weapon to counter fast-moving ballistic missiles.

官員表示，週四，俄羅斯無人機攻擊烏克蘭第聶伯羅市一處人潮擁擠的鐵路月台，造成至少14人死亡；另外兩座省城白天遭到攻擊，造成5人死亡，首都基輔深夜遭飛彈攻擊，造成1人死亡。On Thursday, a Russian drone strike killed at least 14 people on a crowded rail platform in the Ukrainian ‌city of Dnipro, while 5 died in daytime strikes on two other provincial cities and a late-evening missile strike killed 1 person in the capital Kyiv, officials said.

澤倫斯基週一表示，隨著俄羅斯加強攻擊能源與民用基礎設施，烏克蘭已等待美國批准關鍵飛彈供應近一個月。Zelenskiy said on Monday that Ukraine had been waiting for almost a month for the US to sign off on critical missile supplies, as Russia stepped up attacks on energy and civilian infrastructure.

但儘管烏克蘭需求迫切，該國可能無法很快收到這批飛彈攔截器。武器銷售通常需要數年才能完成；兩名聽取美國決定簡報的人士表示，這些尚未製造的飛彈預計要到2030年代過了幾年後才會交付。But despite Ukraine's urgency, it will likely not receive the missile interceptors quickly. Weapons sales typically take years to fulfill, and two people briefed on the US decision said the missiles — which are yet to be manufactured — are not expected to be delivered until a couple of years into the 2030s.

其中一名人士表示，烏克蘭國防部正敦促五角大廈提前交付日期，可能透過把美國現有武器庫中的飛彈提供給基輔，再以新製愛國者攔截器回補。One of the people said Ukraine's Ministry of Defense is encouraging the Pentagon to bring forward the delivery date, possibly by giving Kyiv missiles already in the US arsenal and backfilling with the new Patriot interceptors.

美國國務院在聲明中表示，烏克蘭將透過一項名為美國JUMPSTART的計畫，使用加拿大、德國與挪威的出資，加上由歐盟「烏克蘭支援貸款」提供資金的國家款項，支付這批飛彈費用。Ukraine will pay for the missiles with contributions from Canada, Germany and Norway routed through a program called US JUMPSTART, along with national funds financed by the European Union's Ukraine Support Loan, the State Department said in a statement.

根據五角大廈網站，該計畫運用盟友捐款，為烏克蘭購買武器、服務與訓練，以支持其在俄羅斯入侵後的自我防衛。The program uses donations from allies to buy weapons, services and training for Ukraine to support its self-defense following Russia's invasion, according to a Pentagon website.

JUMPSTART計畫曾於8月用於購買由Zone 5 Technologies和CoAspire製造、價值8.25億美元的3,350枚空射巡弋飛彈。The JUMPSTART program was used in August to buy 3,350 air-launched cruise missiles worth $825 million made by Zone 5 Technologies and CoAspire.

洛克希德馬丁（Lockheed Martin）是這批愛國者攔截器銷售案的主要承包商。Lockheed Martin is the principal contractor for the sale of the Patriot interceptors.

美國在自身於伊朗的軍事行動中使用彈藥之際，也向盟友供應大量武器，引發外界對關鍵防空與精準導引武器庫存的疑慮。The US ‌has supplied large quantities of weapons to allies while also using munitions in its own military operations in Iran, raising concerns about inventories of key air defense and precision-guided weapons.

7月，美國陸軍授予洛克希德馬丁一份最高價值586億美元的合約，用於生產愛國者攔截飛彈。In July, the US Army awarded Lockheed a contract worth up to $58.6 billion to produce Patriot interceptor missiles.

洛克希德馬丁表示，這項協議將使其能履行承諾，在2030年底前把PAC-3 MSE產能提高到3倍，並將其阿肯色州卡姆登廠的就業人數增加50%，由1,200人增至約1,850人。洛克希德馬丁先前宣布，愛國者PAC-3飛彈攔截器產量將提高至每年2,000枚。Lockheed has said that deal would allow it to follow through on a promise to triple PAC-3 MSE production capacity by the end of 2030 and increase jobs ⁠at its Camden, Arkansas, plant by 50%, to about 1,850 from 1,200. Lockheed previously announced Patriot PAC-3 missile interceptor production would go to 2,000 units annually.

五角大廈談判人員正敦促承包商大幅加快速度，而今年稍早達成的暫定生產協議，正是提高飛彈產量努力的核心。Pentagon negotiators are ⁠pressing contractors to move much faster, with tentative production agreements struck earlier this year at the center of efforts to increase missile output.

（麥克・史東、安德莉亞・沙拉爾與湯姆・巴爾姆福斯報導；萊恩・派屈克・瓊斯與克里斯蒂安・馬丁尼茲補充報導；蜜雪兒・尼可斯、唐・德菲、丹尼爾・沃利斯與威廉・馬拉德編輯）(Reporting by Mike Stone, Andrea Shalal and Tom Balmforth; Additional reporting by Ryan Patrick Jones and Christian Martinez; Editing by Michelle Nichols, Don Durfee, Daniel Wallis and William Mallard)