駭客攻擊烏克蘭與俄羅斯緊急警報App，發送假核警報

基輔，11月2日（路透社）——烏克蘭與俄羅斯表示，兩國的緊急警報App在夜間遭駭，向民眾發出關於即將發生空襲、化學攻擊與核攻擊的假警告。KYIV, Nov 2 (Reuters) - Ukraine and Russia said their emergency alert apps had been hacked overnight, sending false warnings to citizens about impending air raids and chemical and nuclear attacks.

這些警告出現之際，正值美國第一夫人梅蘭妮亞・川普（Melania Trump）在烏克蘭南部一小塊地區斡旋達成的六天局部停火到期；這是俄羅斯2022年全面入侵以來，戰事中持續時間最長的同類暫停交火。The warnings coincided with the expiry of a six-day local ceasefire brokered by US first lady Melania Trump in a small area of southern Ukraine — the longest such pause in fighting since Russia's full-scale invasion in 2022.

烏克蘭的公共空襲警報App在週日晚上11時（格林威治時間2100）前不久，開始向首都基輔與其他地區發出假警報，警告有輻射與化學攻擊，並稱部分地區有街頭戰鬥風險。Ukraine's public air raid app started to send false alerts just before 11 p.m. (2100 GMT) on Sunday for the capital Kyiv and other areas, warning of radiation and chemical attacks and also the risk of street combat in some areas.

數小時後，俄羅斯國營塔斯社（TASS）引述莫斯科緊急情況部表示，該部自己的行動App也遭網路攻擊，導致假公共警告被發送出去。Hours later, Russian state news agency TASS quoted the Emergencies Ministry in Moscow as saying that its own mobile app had also been hit by a cyberattack that resulted in fake public warnings being transmitted.

路透社無法查證哪些團體應負責。專家先前曾把這場將近五年的戰爭期間發生的資安事件，與行動派駭客以及雙方情報機構聯繫起來。Reuters was unable to verify which groups were responsible. Experts have linked previous cyber security incidents during the almost five-year-old war to activist hackers as well as intelligence agencies on both sides.

在烏克蘭，其中一則警報稱，俄羅斯已發射可搭載核彈頭的高超音速奧列什尼克（Oreshnik）飛彈，並且已發布核警報。In Ukraine, one of the alarms said Russia had launched a hypersonic Oreshnik missile — which is capable of carrying a nuclear warhead — and that a nuclear alert had been declared.

烏克蘭空軍隨後不久在通訊App Telegram上表示，警報系統似乎遭俄羅斯入侵，並指出這些警報是以俄語播送。在烏克蘭，所有官方通訊都必須使用烏克蘭語。Ukraine's air force said shortly after on the Telegram messaging app that the alert system appeared to have been hacked by Russia, noting that the alerts were broadcast in Russian. The Ukrainian language is compulsory for all official communications in Ukraine.

空軍表示：「空襲警報App似乎受到了敵方影響。沒有輻射威脅！請保持冷靜，並在我們的頻道關注最新消息！」"The air alert app appears to have been subjected to enemy influence," the air force said. "There is no radiation threat! Stay calm and follow our updates on our channel!"

基輔居民未受假警報影響KYIV RESIDENTS UNFAZED BY FALSE ALERTS

每則警報不久後都發出了解除警報訊息，烏克蘭數位轉型部表示，該App已暫時停用，但其他向民眾發布警報的方式仍正常運作，空襲警報器也一樣。All-clear messages were sent shortly afterwards for each alert and Ukraine's Ministry for Digital Transformation said the app had been temporarily suspended, but other means of alerting the public were functioning, as were air raid sirens.

烏克蘭正嚴重缺乏防空系統，特別是美製愛國者（Patriot）攔截飛彈；這是烏克蘭對抗俄羅斯彈道飛彈的唯一有效防衛手段。美國週五宣布一項21億美元協議，將向烏克蘭供應500枚愛國者攔截飛彈，但兩名聽取相關決定簡報的人士表示，這些飛彈可能需要數年才會抵達。Ukraine is suffering from a critical lack of air defences, particularly US-made Patriot interceptors that are its only effective defence against Russian ballistic missiles. The US on Friday announced a $2.1 billion deal to supply 500 Patriot interceptors to Ukraine, but two people briefed on the decision said it could take years for the missiles to arrive.

在基輔街頭，居民淡化這次駭侵的影響。On the streets of Kyiv, residents played down the impact of the hack.

37歲商人阿爾特姆・平迪克（Artem Pyndyk）表示，他看到訊息時一度感到驚訝，但隨即意識到發生了什麼事。Artem Pyndyk, 37, a businessman, said he was briefly surprised to see the messages but then realised what had happened.

平迪克說：「這並沒有引發他們預期中的社會反應。」他並表示，他聯繫過的家人與朋友也沒有驚慌。"This didn't trigger the kind of reaction in society that they expected," said Pyndyk, adding that family members and friends he had checked in with had also not panicked.

「你可以把這當笑話看，但另一方面，他們取得了一定程度的存取權限，並且能夠入侵這個程式。」"You can laugh about it but, on the other hand, they gained a certain level of access and were able to hack the programme."

48歲的奧克薩娜・沃斯特里科娃（Oksana Vostrykova）也不把此事放在心上。Oksana Vostrykova, 48, also shrugged off the incident.

這名披薩店員工說：「我對這件事很平靜，我算是立刻就明白，這可能是假訊息。你比較擔心的不是自己，而是身邊的孩子。」"I am calm about it, I kind of immediately understood that it might be a false message," the pizzeria employee said. "You worry more not for yourself but for your children who are nearby."

俄羅斯部會稱其App也遭攻擊RUSSIAN MINISTRY SAYS ITS APP WAS ALSO HIT

親烏克蘭駭客組織阿特什（Atesh）週一稍早在其Telegram頻道發布一張俄羅斯境內可見警報訊息的截圖，並附上訊息稱：「緊急情況部App被駭了！」Atesh, a pro-Ukrainian hacking group, posted a screenshot of the alert message seen in Russia on its Telegram channel early on Monday, with a message saying: "The Ministry of Emergency Situations app has been hacked!"

不過，莫斯科該部會淡化其影響，稱這款App並非該部主要公共警報系統管道之一，而只是該部所稱的補充資訊來源。However, the Moscow ministry played down the impact, saying the app was not one of its main public warning system channels, but just what it called a supplementary source of information.

路透社看到，駭客張貼的一則假訊息並未試圖模仿官方通訊，且充斥口語用語、髒話以及貶低俄羅斯的語言，稱俄羅斯各地區為「沼澤」。A fake message posted by the hackers, seen by Reuters, did not attempt to mimic an official communication and was laced with colloquialisms, profanities and derogatory language about Russia, calling its regions "swamps".

這則假訊息告訴俄羅斯人，核彈頭已針對俄羅斯所有地區發射，並建議民眾儲備三週食物，躲進自家地窖。The fake message told Russians that nuclear warheads had been launched against all Russian regions and advised people to stock up on three weeks of food and shelter in their cellars.

俄羅斯該部會表示，其專家正在努力讓App恢復正常運作。The Russian ministry said its experts were working to restore the app to normal operation.

該部會表示：「我們請民眾保持冷靜，並且只信任官方資訊來源——俄羅斯緊急情況部網站以及該部門的官方社群媒體帳號。」"We ask the public to remain calm and to trust only official sources of information — the Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations’ website and the department’s official social media accounts," it said.

（Ron Popeski、Bogdan Kochubey、Jekaterīna Golubkova、Vladyslav Smilianets與Lina Golovnya報導；Daniel Flynn、Gareth Jones與Kevin Liffey編輯）(Reporting by Ron Popeski, Bogdan Kochubey, Jekaterīna Golubkova, Vladyslav Smilianets and Lina Golovnya; Editing by Daniel Flynn, Gareth Jones and Kevin Liffey)