各國達成COP17協議加速生物多樣性行動，但資金仍不足

西蒙・傑索普、維吉尼亞・弗尼斯報導By Simon Jessop and Virginia Furness

倫敦，10月31日（路透社）——在一場於週六落幕的聯合國會議上，各國政府經過徹夜談判後，同意加大保護全球生物多樣性的努力，但落實行動所需資金仍難以取得。LONDON, Oct 31 (Reuters) - Governments at a UN conference that ended on Saturday have agreed to step up efforts to protect global biodiversity after talks ran through the night, although the finance to deliver it remains elusive.

這場為期兩週、在亞美尼亞首都舉行的COP17會議，正值政治背景分歧加劇之際；同時，全球也準備迎接11月9日起在土耳其展開的新一輪氣候談判。The two-week COP17 conference in Armenia's capital came against a fractious political backdrop, and as the world prepares for fresh climate talks in Turkey starting November 9.

葉里溫談判監督了4年前在蒙特婁通過的「全球生物多樣性框架」首次全球檢視。雖然已有進展，但代表們同意仍不足夠，全球幾乎所有目標都未走在正軌上。The talks in Yerevan oversaw the first global review of the Global Biodiversity Framework agreed in Montreal four years ago. While progress had been made, delegates agreed it was not enough, with the world off track on almost all of its targets.

經過密集談判，各國政府通過一項名為「葉里溫路徑」的決議，同意在減少有害補貼、增加對開發中國家的資金，以及使國家支出與生物多樣性目標一致等領域加快行動。After intense talks, governments adopted a decision dubbed the Yerevan Pathway, agreeing faster action on areas such as reducing harmful subsidies, increasing finance for developing countries, and aligning national spending with biodiversity goals.

各國政府承認，迄今採取的行動仍不足，並列出優先事項，以便在2030年前加速努力。They acknowledged that action so far had been insufficient, and set out priorities to accelerate efforts through to 2030.

「在多邊主義承受壓力之際，COP17顯示國際合作仍能取得成果，」生物多樣性金融基金會執行董事安妮塔・德霍德（Anita de Horde）說。"At a time when multilateralism is under pressure, COP17 has shown that international cooperation can still deliver," said Anita de Horde, executive director of the Finance for Biodiversity Foundation.

她說：「COP17真正的成功，將取決於各國政府在COP18之前落實了什麼。」代表們同意，COP18將於2028年在厄瓜多首都基多舉行。"The real success of COP17 will be measured by what governments implement before COP18," she said, which delegates agreed would be held in the Ecuadorean capital, Quito, in 2028.

在蒙特婁通過的框架設定多項目標，包括到2030年保育30%的陸地、內陸水域、海洋與沿海地區，復育30%退化的生態系統，改革有害補貼，並每年動員2000億美元資金，協助支付保護生物多樣性的費用。The framework agreed in Montreal set goals including conserving 30% of land, inland waters, marine and coastal areas by 2030, restoring 30% of degraded ecosystems, reforming harmful subsidies, and mobilising $200 billion a year to help pay to preserve biodiversity.

聯合國表示，《生物多樣性公約》近90%締約方已設定國家目標，但在受評估者中，走在正軌上的不到一半。Nearly 90% of parties to the biodiversity convention had set national targets, although fewer than half of those assessed were on track, the UN said.

檢視發出「強烈訊號」REVIEW SENT 'STRONG SIGNAL'

世界自然基金會國際（WWF International）首席保育官道迪・蘇姆巴（Daudi Sumba）表示，這次進展檢視發出了「強烈訊號」，但必須有資金支撐。Daudi Sumba, chief conservation officer at WWF International, said the review of progress had sent a "strong signal", but it needed to be backed up with finance.

主辦方表示，會議期間已宣布來自各國政府、慈善組織與投資人的逾18億美元資金。Organisers said more than $1.8 billion in finance from governments, philanthropies and investors had been announced during the conference.

在危害生物多樣性的補貼議題上，各國政府同意加速努力，朝既有目標邁進，也就是到2030年每年至少減少5000億美元的有害誘因。On the issue of biodiversity-harming subsidies, governments agreed to accelerate efforts towards the existing target of reducing harmful incentives by at least $500 billion a year by 2030.

代表們也同意檢視現行資金安排、為未來永久性融資機制設定標準，並自願擴大出資方基礎；不過，一些人表示整體進展仍過於緩慢。Delegates also agreed to review existing funding arrangements, set criteria for a future permanent financing mechanism and voluntarily broaden the contributor base, although some said progress overall remained too slow.

「我們不能就這樣毫無調整地拖到2030年，」非營利組織Fauna & Flora全球政策主任凱薩琳・韋勒（Catherine Weller）說。"We cannot just plod on to 2030 without a course correction," said Catherine Weller, global policy director at non-profit Fauna & Flora.

（西蒙・傑索普報導；Jan Harvey編輯）(Reporting by Simon Jessop; Editing by Jan Harvey)