俄占奧列什基飢餓居民在罕見地方停火期間返回烏克蘭

奧萊娜・哈爾馬什與安娜・沃伊滕科報導By Olena Harmash and Anna Voitenko

烏克蘭切爾尼希夫州10月31日（路透）——來自俄羅斯控制城鎮奧列什基、飢餓且疲憊不堪的居民週六越境進入烏克蘭；在這場逾4年戰爭中首個此類人道停火下，大批平民得以返回烏克蘭。CHERNIHIV REGION, Ukraine, Oct 31 (Reuters) - Starved and exhausted residents from the Russian-controlled town of Oleshky crossed into Ukraine on Saturday in a major return of civilians under the first humanitarian truce of its kind in more than four years of the war.

在美國第一夫人梅蘭妮亞・川普斡旋、並有教宗參與後，奧列什基達成為期6天的地方停火。這是俄羅斯2022年全面入侵以來，持續時間最長的地方性停火。The six-day local ceasefire in Oleshky was reached after mediation efforts by US first lady Melania Trump and with the pope's involvement. It is the longest local pause in fighting since Russia's full-scale invasion in 2022.

總統弗拉迪米爾・澤倫斯基說：「截至目前，來自奧列什基的烏克蘭公民已在切爾尼希夫州跨越烏克蘭邊境。他們所有人都將獲得所需協助。」他並感謝美國和梅蘭妮亞・川普從中斡旋。"As of now, Ukrainian citizens from Oleshky have crossed the Ukrainian border in the Chernihiv region. All of them will receive the assistance they need," said President Volodymyr Zelenskiy, thanking the US and Melania Trump for mediation.

烏克蘭官員手持「你們並不孤單」及「我們用心擁抱」的標語迎接撤離民眾。Ukrainian officials greeted the evacuees with posters "You're not alone" and "We embrace with our hearts."

一名坐著輪椅的年長撤離民眾告訴路透社，他過去一年瘦了20公斤，身體變得非常虛弱，必須住院治療。One evacuee, an elderly man in a wheelchair, told Reuters that he had lost 20 kg over the past year, becoming so weak that he required hospital treatment.

另一名居民斯維特拉娜・葉爾馬科娃說，他們為了在食物短缺中活下來，不得不吃草。Another resident, Svitlana Yermakova, said that they had to eat grass to survive food shortages.

她說：「我們把草和南瓜切碎……只是為了撐下去。」她並補充說，為了替自己和愛犬Manila取得食物，她冒險騎腳踏車穿越雷區前往附近村莊。“We chopped grass and squash … just to hold on,” she said, adding that she risked riding by bicycle through minefields to a nearby village to get food for herself and her dog, Manila.

前往烏克蘭的路途曲折COMPLICATED JOURNEY TO UKRAINE

為了抵達烏克蘭控制區，奧列什基居民不得不走上一條複雜路線，離開這座距離前線僅數公里、已遭嚴重破壞的城鎮。To reach Ukrainian-held territory, Oleshky residents had to take a complicated route to leave the devastated town just a few kilometres away from the front line.

他們先搭巴士經克里米亞前往俄羅斯城鎮阿納帕，再飛往白俄羅斯，並從白俄羅斯繼續前往烏克蘭。They first travelled by bus via Crimea to the Russian town of Anapa, before flying to Belarus from where they continued to Ukraine.

烏克蘭人權監察使分享的一段影片顯示，數十名奧列什基居民在白俄羅斯一座機場緩慢下機，其中許多人年事已高。A video shared by Ukraine's ombudsman showed dozens of Oleshky residents slowly disembarking from a plane at a Belarusian airfield. Many people were elderly.

有些人需要他人攙扶才能行走，也有幾人被放在擔架或輪椅上推送。他們攜帶的行李很少，只有一兩個袋子。狗則被關在籠中從飛機卸下。Some required help to walk, and a few were carried on stretchers or in wheelchairs. They carried minimal luggage – only a bag or two. Dogs were unloaded from the plane in cages.

數輛大型巴士從白俄羅斯越境進入烏克蘭北部切爾尼希夫州時，居民受到親屬迎接。許多人流下眼淚。救護車沿街停放，並架起數頂大型軍用帳篷，裡面提供熱食、茶和醫療協助。As several big buses crossed into Ukraine's northern Chernihiv region from Belarus, the residents were greeted by relatives. Many cried. Ambulances lined the street and several large military tents were erected where hot meals, tea and medical aid were provided.

幾張桌子上堆放著寵物食品和瓶裝水。Pet food and water bottles were piled up on several tables.

烏克蘭人權監察使德米特羅・魯比內茨說：「我們走過一段複雜的路：從談判並同意停火，到把人道援助直接送進奧列什基，以及組織平民撤離。」"We have come a complicated way: from negotiations and agreeing on a ceasefire to delivering humanitarian aid directly to Oleshky and organising the evacuation of civilians," said Dmytro Lubinets, Ukraine's human rights ombudsman.

根據烏克蘭與俄羅斯官員說法，停火自週二以來持續維持，未發生違規。這讓雙方得以清除道路上的地雷，並將食物、藥品及其他物資運入城鎮。The ceasefire has been holding since Tuesday without violations, according to both Ukrainian and Russian officials. It has allowed them to de-mine the roads and bring food, medicines and other supplies into the town.

通往奧列什基的補給路線因戰鬥與無人機而中斷。部分居民表示，食物運送自5月停止，使數百人陷入飢餓。Supply routes to Oleshky were disrupted by fighting and drones. According to some residents, food deliveries were stopped in May, pushing hundreds of people into starvation.

停火將於週日結束。The ceasefire will end on Sunday.

魯比內茨表示，返回居民中最年長者94歲，最年幼的是剛滿1歲多的嬰兒。他沒有提供返回烏克蘭的人數確切數字。Lubinets said the oldest returning resident was 94, while the youngest was a baby just over one. He gave no exact numbers on how many people returned to Ukraine.

一些居民決定前往俄羅斯，另一些人則選擇留在奧列什基，儘管當地缺乏瓦斯、電力與自來水。Some residents decided to go to Russia, while others elected to remain in Oleshky, despite the lack of gas, electricity and running water.

俄羅斯人權專員亞娜・蘭特拉托娃表示，鎮上的生活條件仍然艱難，她將繼續與烏克蘭 counterpart 魯比內茨合作，協助留下來的人。Russian Human Rights Commissioner Yana Lantratova said that living conditions in the town remain difficult, and that she would continue to work with her Ukrainian counterpart Lubinets to help those who stayed.

她在Telegram上說：「任務已經告一段落。我們已同意定期執行人道任務，這是非常重要的一步。」"The mission has come to an end," she said on Telegram. "We have agreed to carry out regular humanitarian missions, which is a very important step."

奧列什基戰前人口約2萬4000人。撤離前，估計仍有1700人留在當地。這座城鎮自入侵最初幾天起便處於俄羅斯占領之下。2023年卡霍夫卡水壩遭摧毀、附近地區淹水後，當地受到嚴重破壞。Oleshky had a pre-war population of about 24,000. Before the evacuation, an estimated 1,700 remained. The town has been under Russian occupation since the first days of the invasion. It was devastated after the destruction of the Kakhovka Dam in 2023 and the flooding of the nearby areas.

前線其他地區戰火持續FIGHTING RAGES ON IN OTHER PARTS OF THE FRONT

儘管南部赫松前線實施停火，前線其他地區戰火仍然猛烈。俄羅斯與烏克蘭也持續對彼此發動無人機攻擊。Despite the ceasefire on the southern Kherson front, fighting raged on in other parts of the front. Both Russia and Ukraine also kept up their drone attacks on each other.

澤倫斯基表示，俄羅斯攻擊烏克蘭能源基礎設施，擊中變電所、火力發電廠和天然氣基礎設施。Zelenskiy said that Russia had attacked Ukrainian energy infrastructure, hitting electricity substations, thermal power plants and gas infrastructure.

烏克蘭軍方表示，已打擊俄羅斯在羅斯托夫州一家主要飛彈燃料生產商。Ukraine's military said it had hit a major Russian producer of missile fuel in the Rostov region.

俄羅斯《Vedomosti》報導，克里姆林宮發言人德米特里・佩斯科夫表示，烏克蘭與俄羅斯的人權監察使對話良好，並在奧列什基停火期間合作時，逐漸開始信任彼此。Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov said Ukrainian and Russian ombudsmen had a good dialogue and had gradually begun to trust each other as they worked together during the Oleshky ceasefire, Russia's Vedomosti reported.

但克里姆林宮週五表示，這是一起孤立情況，難以外推至更廣泛的和平進程。But the Kremlin said on Friday that it was an isolated situation, which was difficult to extrapolate to the broader peace process.

烏克蘭、俄羅斯與美國談判代表預計11月初在阿布達比恢復談判；先前相關討論在2月因伊朗爆發戰爭而暫停。Negotiators from Ukraine, Russia and the US are due to resume talks in Abu Dhabi in early November after discussions were suspended in February following the outbreak of the war in Iran.

（Valentyn Ogirenko補充報導；路透社莫斯科與基輔報導；Joe Bavier、Alex Richardson與Jan Harvey編輯）(Additional reporting by Valentyn Ogirenko, reporting by Reuters in Moscow and Kyiv; Editing by Joe Bavier, Alex Richardson and Jan Harvey)