亞塞拜然在歐盟解除對烏斯馬諾夫制裁後特赦法國公民

作者：Nailia BagirovaBy Nailia Bagirova

路透巴庫9月23日電——亞塞拜然總統伊爾哈姆・阿利耶夫（Ilham Aliyev）週三特赦一名因間諜罪入獄的法國公民。就在前一天，歐盟解除對俄羅斯億萬富豪阿利舍爾・烏斯馬諾夫（Alisher Usmanov）的制裁；外交官表示，這是在巴庫施壓後作出的決定。BAKU, Sept 23 (Reuters) - Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev pardoned a French national jailed for espionage on Wednesday, a day after the EU lifted sanctions on Russian billionaire Alisher Usmanov following what diplomats said was pressure from Baku.

這名法國人馬丁・萊恩（Martin Ryan）3月因間諜罪被定罪後，一直在巴庫服10年徒刑。目前尚不清楚他是否已獲釋。The Frenchman, Martin Ryan, had been serving a 10-year prison sentence in Baku following a spying conviction in March. It was not immediately clear whether he had been released.

3名歐洲外交官告訴路透社，巴黎方面私下表示，巴庫正利用烏斯馬諾夫的制裁案，就2名遭關押於亞塞拜然的法國公民向法國施壓。Three European diplomats told Reuters that Paris had privately indicated that Baku was using Usmanov's sanctions case to pressure France over two French citizens held in Azerbaijan.

法國週刊《Challenges》指出，另一名被關押的法國公民是法國水務管理公司Saur的員工阿納斯・德拉茲（Anass Derraz）。德拉茲2025年因貪腐罪名被判12年徒刑，週三並未列入特赦名單。French weekly Challenges identified the second jailed French national as Anass Derraz, an employee of French water management company Saur. Derraz, who was sentenced to 12 years in prison in 2025 on corruption charges, was not on the list of pardoned prisoners on Wednesday.

一名亞塞拜然外交官上週駁斥有關施壓行動的說法，稱其「毫無根據」，並表示巴庫公開支持將烏斯馬諾夫從西方制裁名單中移除，是因為認為針對他的措施並不公正。An Azerbaijani diplomat last week rejected suggestions of a pressure campaign as "categorically unfounded", saying Baku had openly supported Usmanov's removal from Western sanctions lists because it viewed the measures against him as unjust.

巴庫與巴黎的關係長期因法國支持亞塞拜然的歷史宿敵亞美尼亞而緊繃。亞塞拜然與俄羅斯的關係也在2024年12月俄軍意外擊落一架亞塞拜然客機後惡化。Relations between Baku and Paris have long been strained by France's support for Armenia, Azerbaijan's historic rival. Ties between Azerbaijan and Russia have also deteriorated since the accidental downing of an Azerbaijani passenger jet by Russian forces in December 2024.

解除制裁引發歐盟內部分歧SANCTIONS DELISTING CAUSED RIFT IN EU

歐盟將烏斯馬諾夫及另一名俄羅斯億萬富豪米哈伊爾・弗里德曼（Mikhail Fridman）移出制裁名單，是歐盟首次解除對俄羅斯富豪菁英中最富有成員的制裁，而這些人並未公開譴責烏克蘭戰爭。The delisting of Usmanov and fellow Russian billionaire Mikhail Fridman was the first time the EU removed sanctions on the wealthiest members of Russia's billionaire elite who had not publicly condemned the war in Ukraine.

這項決定暴露了歐盟各國政府之間的分歧。歐盟原本希望匈牙利近期政權更迭後，能在對莫斯科立場上形成更團結的態勢；此前多年，匈牙利前總理維克多・奧班（Viktor Orban）使延長制裁及支持烏克蘭的努力變得複雜。The decision exposed divisions among EU governments that had hoped a recent change of government in Hungary would help forge a more united stance towards Moscow after years in which former Prime Minister Viktor Orban complicated efforts to renew sanctions and support Ukraine.

烏克蘭總統弗拉迪米爾・澤倫斯基（Volodymyr Zelenskiy）在紐約會晤美國總統唐納・川普（Donald Trump）後於記者會表示，歐盟解除制裁，是俄羅斯試圖瓦解西方支持烏克蘭團結行動的結果。Ukraine's President Volodymyr Zelenskiy told a press conference in New York after meeting US President Donald Trump that the lifting of EU sanctions was a result of Russia's work to break the West's unity in supporting Ukraine.

澤倫斯基說：「也許這兩名寡頭現在非常高興。但他們不了解我們，也不了解我。我會帶著同樣的姓氏再次來到歐洲。」"Maybe these two oligarchs are now very happy. But they do not know us, they do not know me. I come with the same surnames to Europe again," Zelenskiy said.

俄羅斯派兵進入烏克蘭後，歐盟於2022年對出生於蘇聯時期烏克蘭的弗里德曼，以及出生於烏茲別克的烏斯馬諾夫實施制裁，包括在歐盟境內的旅行與交易禁令，以及資產凍結。The EU imposed sanctions on Fridman, who was born in Soviet Ukraine, and Usmanov, born in Uzbekistan, in 2022, after Russia sent its troops into Ukraine, including travel and transaction bans and asset freezes within the bloc.

兩人都在1990年代蘇聯解體後致富，之後建立各自的商業帝國；弗里德曼聚焦石油與銀行業，烏斯馬諾夫則專注金屬與電信業。Both men made their fortunes following the collapse of the Soviet Union in the 1990s and later on created their business empires with Fridman focusing on oil and banking and Usmanov on metals and telecoms.

戰爭開始後，持有以色列護照的弗里德曼大多不在俄羅斯；烏斯馬諾夫則往返於莫斯科與他的出生地烏茲別克之間，並運用他在後蘇聯世界的影響力，協助推動解除制裁。Since the start of the war, Fridman, who holds an Israeli passport, mostly stayed out of Russia, while Usmanov spent time between Moscow and his native Uzbekistan, wielding his influence in the post-Soviet world to help remove sanctions.

成員包括亞塞拜然、烏茲別克、哈薩克與土耳其的突厥國家組織（Organization of Turkic States），曾致函歐盟領袖與美國總統，呼籲解除制裁。The Organization of Turkic States, which includes Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan and Turkey, sent letters to EU leaders and the US president calling for sanctions to be lifted.

烏斯馬諾夫曾持有兵工廠足球俱樂部少數股權。他畢業於莫斯科同一所知名外交學校，亞塞拜然與哈薩克總統也出身該校，且他與兩人相識。Usmanov, who once held a minority stake in Arsenal football club, graduated from the same prestigious diplomatic school in Moscow as presidents of Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan and knows them in person.

週三獲特赦的法國人萊恩於2023年12月被捕，遭控蒐集亞塞拜然與土耳其、巴基斯坦軍事合作的相關資訊。Ryan, the Frenchman pardoned on Wednesday, was arrested in December 2023 and accused of gathering information about Azerbaijan's military cooperation with Turkey and Pakistan.

被捕前，他在亞塞拜然任職於一家食品進口公司，該公司也提供顧問服務。Before his arrest, he worked in Azerbaijan for a food-import company that also provided consultancy services.

阿利耶夫辦公室表示，與萊恩一同獲特赦的還有14名亞塞拜然公民、2名土耳其公民、1名俄羅斯與以色列雙重國籍人士，以及1名巴基斯坦公民。Aliyev's office said Ryan was pardoned alongside 14 Azerbaijani citizens, two Turkish nationals, a dual Russian-Israeli citizen and a Pakistani citizen.

（Nailia Bagirova報導；Dominique Vidalon補充報導；Lucy Papachristou、Gleb Bryanski撰稿；Ros Russell編輯）(Reporting by Nailia Bagirova; Additional reporting by Dominique Vidalon; Writing by Lucy Papachristou and Gleb Bryanski; Editing by Ros Russell)