歐盟范德賴恩支持成立歐洲安全委員會，並制定反制破壞行動「因應手冊」

安德魯・葛雷（Andrew Gray）與莉莉・拜爾（Lili Bayer）報導By Andrew Gray and Lili Bayer

布魯塞爾，9月16日（路透社）——歐盟執委會主席烏蘇拉・范德賴恩週三表示支持成立歐洲安全委員會，讓歐盟、英國、挪威、烏克蘭和加拿大領導人齊聚一堂；她同時警告，歐洲大陸面臨的和平威脅正在增加。BRUSSELS, Sept 16 (Reuters) - European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen on Wednesday backed the creation of a European Security Council, bringing together leaders from the EU, Britain, Norway, Ukraine and Canada, as she warned threats to peace on the continent were growing.

范德賴恩也提議建立一套新系統，以協調對所謂混合型事件的回應。這類事件常被歸咎於俄羅斯，雖未達傳統軍事攻擊門檻，卻會破壞歐洲安全，例如破壞行動、縱火和無人機入侵。Von der Leyen also proposed a new system to coordinate responses to so-called hybrid incidents, often attributed to Russia, that fall below the threshold of conventional military attacks but undermine European security - such as sabotage, arson and drone incursions.

她提出的倡議反映出，歐洲官員愈來愈希望為歐洲大陸安全承擔更多責任；外界也懷疑，歐洲是否能仰賴美國總統唐納・川普（Donald Trump）透過北約軍事聯盟提供援助。Her initiatives reflect a growing desire by European officials to take more responsibility for the continent's security, amid doubts over whether they can rely on U.S. President Donald Trump to come to their aid through the NATO military alliance.

然而，由於目前幾乎沒有進一步細節，一些分析人士警告，這些倡議可能與北約內部架構重疊，造成潛在混淆，最終也可能只是清談場所而已。However, with few details immediately forthcoming, some analysts warned the initiatives could duplicate structures within NATO, leading to potential confusion, and amount to little more than talking shops.

范德賴恩表示，歐洲安全威脅正在升高VON DER LEYEN SAYS SECURITY THREATS IN EUROPE ARE MOUNTING

這位由27國組成的歐洲聯盟行政機構首長，在史特拉斯堡歐洲議會發表年度盟情咨文時說：「俄羅斯對烏克蘭的侵略戰爭仍在持續。我們本土面臨的威脅也正在增加。」"Russia's war of aggression on Ukraine rages on. And threats are mounting on our soil," von der Leyen, head of the 27-nation European Union's executive body, said in her annual State of the Union speech to the European Parliament in Strasbourg.

范德賴恩舉例指出，上月德國當局歸咎於俄羅斯的萊比錫機場無人機攻擊未遂等事件，並表示歐洲的準則、機構和決策尚未跟上新的現實。Citing incidents such as an attempted drone attack on Leipzig airport last month that German authorities have attributed to Russia, von der Leyen said Europe's doctrine, institutions and decision-making had not kept pace with a new reality.

她說：「歐洲需要自己的反混合威脅因應手冊。」她並提議建立一項「緊急安全協議」，讓任何歐盟成員國都能啟動，以協調歐洲層級的回應。"Europe needs its own counter-hybrid playbook," she said, proposing an "emergency security protocol" that any EU member could trigger to coordinate a European response.

俄羅斯已駁斥德國對萊比錫事件的指控，並指控北約國家就其他事件錯怪莫斯科，以升高雙方緊張。Russia has rejected Germany's accusations over the Leipzig incident and accused NATO countries of falsely blaming Moscow for other incidents to ramp up tensions between the two sides.

范德賴恩表示，歐盟執委會將提出構想，讓歐洲安全委員會成真。Von der Leyen said the Commission would set out ideas to make a European Security Council a reality.

她沒有詳細說明這樣的委員會將如何運作。不過，她的國防委員安德留斯・庫比柳斯（Andrius Kubilius）曾建議，這個委員會有時可能只納入歐盟成員國，有時則包括其他國家。She did not detail how such a Council would work. But her Defence Commissioner, Andrius Kubilius, has suggested it might sometimes involve just EU members and at other times include other countries.

他在今年1月發表的一份文件中建議，該委員會可混合納入永久成員——例如德國、法國、義大利、西班牙和波蘭等大國——以及以輪替方式參與的其他國家。In a paper published in January this year, he suggested it have a mix of permanent members - large countries such as Germany, France, Italy, Spain and Poland -and others involved on a rotating basis.

范德賴恩提到加拿大可能參與其中。在同一場演說中，她強調歐盟與加拿大的緊密連結，並表示希望為加拿大開啟加入歐盟「準會員」的大門。Von der Leyen mentioned Canada among countries that could be involved. In the same speech, she stressed the EU's close links to Canada and said she wanted to open the door to an "associate membership" of the bloc.

部分人士迅速歡迎提案，其他人則強調硬實力的重要性SOME GIVE PROPOSALS SWIFT WELCOME, OTHERS STRESS IMPORTANCE OF HARD POWER

挪威和芬蘭對這項安全提案表示歡迎。芬蘭總理佩特里・奧爾波（Petteri Orpo）在X發文說：「歐洲必須能為自身安全承擔更多責任，並強化自身防務。」Norway and Finland welcomed the security proposal. "Europe must be able to take more responsibility for its own security and strengthen its own defence," Finnish Prime Minister Petteri Orpo posted on X.

但其他官員態度較為謹慎。愛沙尼亞外交部長馬古斯・察克納（Margus Tsahkna）說：「北約仍是歐洲安全的基石，歐盟在安全與防務方面的努力，必須補充並強化這個聯盟。」But other officials were more cautious. Estonian Foreign Minister Margus Tsahkna said: "NATO remains the cornerstone of European security, and EU efforts in security and defence must complement and strengthen the Alliance."

歐洲外交關係協會（European Council on Foreign Relations）國防專家瑪塔・普羅赫維奇（Marta Prochwicz）表示，歐洲安全委員會的提議「是朝正確方向邁出的一步」。但她補充說，「如果它只是個清談場所，沒有更深入的國防工業合作、合資企業、可互通設備和部隊聯合訓練，就不會讓歐洲變得更安全」。Marta Prochwicz, a defence expert at the European Council on Foreign Relations, said the Security Council proposal was "a step in the right direction". But, she added, "if it remains a talking shop, without deeper defence-industrial cooperation, joint ventures, interoperable equipment and joint training of forces, it will not make Europe any safer".

英國國防智庫英國皇家聯合軍事研究所（RUSI）傑出研究員、北約前發言人歐安娜・倫傑斯庫（Oana Lungescu）表示，很難看出這樣的委員會如何能嚇阻俄羅斯。Oana Lungescu, a distinguished fellow at British-based defence think tank RUSI and a former NATO spokesperson, said it was hard to see how Russia would be deterred by such a council.

倫傑斯庫在X發文說：「真正嚇阻俄羅斯的，是大規模國防生產，以及讓其付出代價的意志。」"What deters Russia is massive defence production and will to impose costs," Lungescu posted on X.

（安德魯・葛雷與莉莉・拜爾報導；克絲汀・多諾萬編輯）(Reporting by Andrew Gray and Lili Bayer; Editing by Kirsten Donovan)