分析：川習會在聯合國聚光燈外登場，考驗這個世界組織的影響力

記者 Antoni Slodkowski、John Irish、Tom BalmforthBy Antoni Slodkowski, John Irish and Tom Balmforth

聯合國，9月24日（路透社）—— 各國領袖齊聚聯合國（United Nations, UN），參加一年一度的外交例行活動之際，全球政治中兩位最具分量的權力人物週四將在另一個場地坐下會談：白宮。UNITED NATIONS, Sept 24 (Reuters) - While world leaders gather at the United Nations for their annual diplomatic ritual, the two biggest power brokers in global politics will sit down in a different venue on Thursday: the White House.

美國總統川普與中國領導人習近平今年將第二度會面。兩人都在處理一連串國內與全球議題，並希望讓世界上最具影響力的雙邊關係保持穩定。US President Donald Trump and Chinese leader Xi Jinping will meet for the second time this year, hoping to keep the world's most consequential bilateral relationship steady as both leaders grapple with a host of domestic and global issues.

這個分割畫面凸顯聯合國面臨的存在性問題：這個在兩次世界大戰浩劫後成立的世界組織，是否仍然重要？The split-screen moment highlights an existential question for the UN: does the world body, established after the calamity of two world wars, still matter?

聯合國代表討論「多邊主義」，並就全球衝突舉行座談；川普與習近平——也就是這位美國總統所稱的「G2」——則將談人工智慧、貿易與國防。While UN delegates discuss "multilateralism" and hold panels on the world's conflicts, Trump and Xi – what the US president calls the "G2" – will talk AI, trade and defense.

國際危機組織（International Crisis Group）的理查・高恩（Richard Gowan）表示：「習近平在聯合國大會同一週來到華府，卻似乎沒有意願上紐約，這相當值得注意。」"It's pretty notable that Xi Jinping is coming to Washington in the same week as the General Assembly, but does not feel bothered to come up to New York," said Richard Gowan of the International Crisis Group.

「我想很多人會說，『真正的決策中心在哪裡？』」"I think a lot of people will say, 'Where is the real center of decision-making?'"

習近平很少前往紐約參加聯合國大會。Xi rarely travels to New York for the General Assembly.

關於聯合國角色的疑問並非新鮮事，但在該組織深陷嚴重財務問題、主要強權分歧，以及對烏克蘭到中東等衝突影響力有限之際，這些問題又增添了新的迫切性。The questions about the UN's role are hardly new, but have acquired fresh urgency as the organization struggles with deep financial problems, divisions among major powers and limited influence over conflicts from Ukraine to the Middle East.

自川普去年重返執政後，這些憂慮又有了新的現實意義。這位美國領袖已讓美國退出數十個聯合國機構，並大幅削減華府對該組織的預算分攤，使聯合國被推向破產邊緣。Those concerns have gained new relevance since Trump's return to office last year. The US leader has pulled the US out of dozens of UN agencies and slashed Washington's budgetary contributions to the organization, pushing it to the brink of bankruptcy.

川普週二發表演說時，指控聯合國「強加由從未經任何人選舉產生的全球主義官僚所推動的極左派議程」。In his speech on Tuesday, Trump accused the UN of "imposing the far-left agenda of globalist bureaucrats who nobody ever elected."

困境加深DEEPENING WOES

聯合國長期面臨預算短缺，迫使其將2026年秘書處預算刪減9.2%。聯合國裁撤數千名員工、讓維和人員返國，並縮減人道與人權工作。The UN has a persistent budget shortfall, forcing it to cut the budget of its Secretariat by 9.2% for 2026. It laid off thousands of staff, sent peacekeepers home and cut back on humanitarian and human rights work.

美國多年來扣留大部分應繳會費，是問題的一部分。The United States, which has for years withheld much of its dues, is part of that problem.

聯合國表示，川普政府上週為經常預算支付7.25億美元，保住美國在大會的投票權，但仍積欠經常預算13億美元，以及維和行動29億美元。The Trump administration last week paid $725 million for the regular budget, preserving its vote at the assembly, but still owes $1.3 billion to the regular budget and $2.9 billion for peacekeeping operations, the UN said.

然而，聯合國的問題不只在於金錢。The organization's problems extend beyond money, however.

僵局長期是聯合國安全理事會的常態；包括中國、俄羅斯與美國在內的五個擁有否決權的國家，鮮少在任何實質議題上達成共識。Gridlock has long defined the UN Security Council, where five veto powers including China, Russia and the US rarely agree on anything substantive.

前聯合國官員尤金・陳（Eugene Chen）表示：「聯合國如今面臨兩大主要挑戰：第一是嚴峻的財務處境。」"There are two main challenges that the UN faces today: the first is its dire financial situation," said Eugene Chen, a former UN official.

他說：「這與第二個更廣泛的挑戰相關——在全球挑戰不斷增加之際，會員國已不再同意聯合國應有的形式或功能。」"This is linked to a second, broader, challenge – the fact that member states no longer agree on what the form or function of the UN ought to be at a time of mounting global challenges," he said.

即將卸任的秘書長安東尼奧・古特瑞斯（Antonio Guterres）去年啟動名為UN80的改革工作小組，目標是削減成本、消除重複作業、將職位移往成本低於紐約和日內瓦的地點，並提升效率。Outgoing Secretary-General Antonio Guterres launched a reform task force last year, known as UN80, which seeks to cut costs, remove duplication, move jobs to locations cheaper than New York and Geneva and improve efficiency.

這包括將秘書處職位減少21%，並檢討600多個依授權規定須由秘書長提出的報告系列，目標是在2026年將報告文字量減少約70萬字。It includes a 21% reduction in posts at the Secretariat and a review of more than 600 series of mandated Secretary-General's reports, aiming to reduce reporting by about 700,000 words in 2026.

「卑怯的偽君子」'CRAVEN HYPOCRITES'

不同於2025年，川普在週二演說中並未抱怨電扶梯或讀稿機，大致按講稿發言，內容聚焦於為他在對伊朗戰爭中的表現以及美國經濟辯護。Unlike in 2025, Trump did not use his Tuesday speech to complain about escalators or teleprompters and largely stuck to a script that focused on defending his record in the war with Iran and on the US economy.

儘管如此，他仍痛批聯合國人權理事會（Human Rights Council）的「卑怯偽君子」，稱他們「要美國向來自世界上最危險地區的幫派與罪犯開放邊境」；他也鎖定聯合國教科文組織（UNESCO），表示「這些全球主義者正積極摧毀歷史上最偉大的文化與最非凡的遺產」。Still, he inveighed against the "craven hypocrites" of the UN's Human Rights Council who "want America to open our borders to gangs and criminals from the world’s most dangerous places," and zeroed in on UNESCO, saying "these globalists are actively destroying the greatest cultures and most extraordinary heritage in history."

聯合國為其文化與教育機構UNESCO的工作辯護，稱其「獲主要專業組織一致讚譽」；並表示人權理事會在「促進與保護全球人權方面扮演非常重要的角色」。The UN has defended culture and education agency UNESCO's work as "unanimously acclaimed by major specialized organizations,” and the Human Rights Council as playing "a very important role in the promotion and protection of human rights worldwide."

習近平試圖利用川普經常帶有好戰色彩的言論，將中國塑造成全球舞台上可靠的夥伴，尤其是對開發中國家而言；他也利用聯合國作為平台推進這項訊息。Xi has sought to capitalize on Trump's often bellicose rhetoric by presenting China as a reliable partner on the global stage, especially for developing nations, and by using the UN as a platform to advance that message.

1000場會談1,000 MEETINGS

儘管聯合國飽受批評，其年度會議仍是密集外交的平台。根據聯合國資料，各會員國本週計畫舉行逾1000場雙邊會議。For all the criticism of the UN, its annual meeting remains a forum for high-volume diplomacy. This week, member states planned more than 1,000 bilateral meetings, according to UN data.

伊朗外交部長阿巴斯・阿拉奇（Abbas Araqchi）與美國特使史蒂夫・威特科夫（Steve Witkoff）、賈里德・庫許納（Jared Kushner）週二在場邊透過調解人溝通，這是7月一項臨時停火協議破局以來首次出現這類接觸。Iran's Foreign Minister Abbas Araqchi ‌and US envoys Steve Witkoff and Jared Kushner communicated through mediators on the sidelines on Tuesday, the first such contacts since an interim ceasefire agreement collapsed in July.

歐盟外交政策高級代表卡雅・卡拉斯（Kaja Kallas）告訴記者，聯合國仍然具有相關性，但她也批評該組織在「預防或終結衝突時陷入癱瘓」。The European Union's foreign policy ‌chief Kaja Kallas told reporters the UN remained relevant, but she too criticized the organization for being "paralyzed when it comes to preventing or ending conflicts."

烏克蘭領導人弗拉迪米爾・澤倫斯基（Volodymyr Zelenskiy）利用這個場域與川普會談，討論如何結束與俄羅斯的戰爭，包括可能就能源相關目標停火。Ukrainian leader Volodymyr Zelenskiy used the venue to hold talks with Trump on ending the war with ‌Russia, including a potential ceasefire on energy-related targets.

有記者問他，多年來在聯合國舉行的會議是否帶來任何具體成果。他以英語回答：「今天它幫助我們見面。也許這不算太多，但至少有所幫助。」He was asked by a journalist whether years of meetings at the UN have brought any concrete results. He answered in English: "Today it helps us to meet. Maybe it's not too much, but it's something."

（Antoni Slodkowski、John Irish、Tom Balmforth報導；Don Durfee、Howard Goller編輯）(Reporting by Antoni Slodkowski, John Irish and Tom Balmforth; Editing by Don Durfee and Howard Goller)