法官質疑美國司法部恢復起訴川普政敵科米、詹樂霞的請求

作者：安德魯・古茲沃德（Andrew Goudsward）By Andrew Goudsward

路透維吉尼亞州里奇蒙9月15日電——美國一家上訴法院週二似乎對司法部試圖恢復針對川普總統兩名長期對手的刑事案件抱持審慎態度；這兩人分別是前FBI局長科米與紐約州檢察長詹樂霞（Letitia James）。RICHMOND, Virginia, Sept 15 (Reuters) - A U.S. appeals court on Tuesday appeared wary of the Justice Department’s bid to revive criminal cases against two of President Donald Trump's longtime adversaries, former FBI Director James Comey and New York Attorney General Letitia James.

對科米與詹樂霞的起訴去年遭一名法官駁回。這些案件是川普政府動用聯邦執法力量鎖定其認定政治敵人的最受矚目案例之一，也在司法部內部引發動盪。The prosecutions of Comey and James, which a judge dismissed last year, were among the most high-profile instances of the Trump administration using federal law enforcement to target perceived political enemies and generated upheaval inside the Justice Department.

不過，週二在位於維吉尼亞州里奇蒙的美國第四巡迴上訴法院進行的辯論，聚焦在較狹窄的問題：前司法部長潘・邦迪（Pam Bondi）是否有權任命川普盟友林賽・哈利根（Lindsey Halligan）擔任維吉尼亞東區臨時聯邦檢察長，以起訴這些案件。But the arguments on Tuesday at the Richmond, Virginia-based 4th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals focused on the narrower issue of whether former Attorney General Pam Bondi had the authority to appoint Trump ally Lindsey Halligan as interim U.S. Attorney for the Eastern District of Virginia to prosecute the cases.

對哈利根任命的疑慮，促使一名下級法院法官駁回兩案，對川普政府的司法部造成重大打擊。司法部能否繼續推動案件，取決於各方對一項聯邦任命法律的不同解讀；該法律規範臨時聯邦檢察長職缺如何填補。Concerns over Halligan's appointment led a lower-court judge to throw out both cases in a significant blow to the Trump Justice Department. Whether the DOJ will be able to proceed hinges on differing interpretations of a federal appointments law that governs how temporary U.S. Attorney vacancies can be filled.

上訴法院合議庭3名法官中有2人對聯邦法律是否授權任命哈利根、並賦予她取得兩項起訴書的權力表示懷疑。Two of the three judges on the appeals court panel expressed skepticism that federal law authorized Halligan's appointment and empowered her to secure both indictments.

美國巡迴上訴法院首席法官阿爾伯特・迪亞茲（Albert Diaz）表示，川普政府對該法律的解讀，將允許司法部對聯邦檢察長作出「無限制」次數的臨時任命，規避參議院批准最高階聯邦檢察官的人事權。Chief U.S. Circuit Judge Albert Diaz said the Trump administration's interpretation of the law would allow the DOJ to make a "limitless" number of interim appointments for U.S. Attorneys, evading the Senate's authority to approve top federal prosecutors.

由民主黨總統歐巴馬任命的迪亞茲問：「這怎麼可能？」"How can that possibly be?" Diaz, an appointee of Democratic President Barack Obama, asked.

司法部律師亨利・惠特克（Henry Whitaker）表示，儘管法律或許賦予政府這項權力，但實務上，司法部若仰賴「無止境的一連串」臨時官員，並不合理。Justice Department lawyer Henry Whitaker said that while the law may give the government that authority, in practice it would not make sense for the department to rely on an "endless stream" of temporary officials.

巡迴法官亨利・佛洛伊德（Henry Floyd）暗示，若未經適當任命，哈利根在取得起訴書時與任何普通人並無不同。Circuit Judge Henry Floyd suggested that without being properly appointed, Halligan was no different than any ordinary person when she secured the indictments.

佛洛伊德問：「這和路上隨便一個人有什麼不同？」"What's different with a man on the street?" Floyd asked.

這項爭議源自哈利根在2025年9月獲任命為臨時聯邦檢察長的情況；她的前任埃里克・席伯特（Eric Siebert）先前因表達不願起訴科米與詹樂霞而被免職。The dispute arises from the circumstances of Halligan's September 2025 appointment as interim U.S. Attorney after her predecessor, Eric Siebert, was ousted after expressing a reluctance to charge both Comey and James.

席伯特先前曾擔任120天的臨時職務，美國地方法官卡麥隆・麥高恩・柯里（Cameron McGowan Currie）認定，邦迪無權再作出另一項臨時任命。柯里認定兩案都必須撤銷，因為哈利根是川普的前私人律師，過去沒有檢察官經驗，卻獨自取得兩項起訴書。Siebert had previously served a 120-day interim stint, and U.S. District Judge Cameron McGowan Currie concluded that Bondi did not have the authority to make another temporary appointment. Currie determined that both cases had to be tossed because Halligan, a former personal lawyer to Trump with no prior prosecutorial experience, secured both indictments by herself.

科米此後在另一宗聯邦案件中遭起訴，被控在一則社群媒體貼文中威脅川普；該貼文顯示海灘上的貝殼被排列成數字「86-47」。該案仍在進行中。Comey has since been charged in a separate federal case accusing him of threatening Trump in a social media post showing seashells on a beach arranged to form the numbers "86-47." That case is continuing.

任命權限的法律攻防LEGAL ARGUMENTS OVER APPOINTMENT AUTHORITY

惠特克敦促上訴法院駁回柯里對任命法律的解讀，主張這種解讀會不當限制司法部長任命臨時聯邦檢察長、領導全美94個聯邦檢察官辦公室的能力。Whitaker urged the appeals court to reject Currie’s interpretation of the appointments law, arguing it would wrongly limit the attorney general’s ability to name interim U.S. Attorneys to lead 94 federal prosecutors' offices across the U.S.

科米的律師伊弗雷姆・麥道威爾（Ephraim McDowell）警告，司法部的觀點將允許總統無限期地「安插政治盟友擔任首席聯邦檢察官」。Ephraim McDowell, a lawyer for Comey, warned that the DOJ's view would allow the president to indefinitely "install political allies as chief federal prosecutors."

詹樂霞與科米的案件，是在川普於2025年9月一則社群媒體貼文中點名兩人、要求當時擔任司法部長的邦迪對其對手採取行動後提出。The cases against James and Comey were brought after Trump mentioned both by name in a September 2025 social media post demanding that Bondi, who was then attorney general, take action against his adversaries.

川普與科米、詹樂霞的過往TRUMP'S HISTORY WITH COMEY AND JAMES

川普第一任期內，在科米負責監督川普2016年總統競選團隊與俄羅斯之間潛在關聯調查期間，將科米免去FBI局長職務。詹樂霞在川普第一任期結束後，成功以詐欺案控告川普及其家族企業。Trump fired Comey as FBI director during his first term as Comey was overseeing an investigation into potential ties between Trump’s 2016 presidential campaign and Russia. James successfully sued Trump and his family business for fraud following his first term.

針對科米的起訴書指控他就授權向新聞媒體洩漏消息一事向國會說謊。詹樂霞則被控銀行詐欺，原因是她涉嫌不實陳述自己對維吉尼亞一處住宅的使用情況。The indictment against Comey accused him of lying to Congress about authorizing leaks to the news media. James was charged with bank fraud for allegedly misrepresenting her use of a Virginia home.

兩人均否認有不法行為，並指稱自己是在川普報復行動中遭到挾怨起訴的目標。Both denied wrongdoing and alleged they were targeted with vindictive prosecutions as part of a Trump retribution campaign.

（安德魯・古茲沃德維吉尼亞州里奇蒙報導；馬修・路易斯與阿利斯泰爾・貝爾編輯）(Reporting by Andrew Goudsward in Richmond, Virginia; Editing by Matthew Lewis and Alistair Bell)