中國防長在安全論壇開幕時呼籲停止「挑釁行為」

梅梅・朱報導By Mei Mei Chu

北京9月16日（路透社）——中國國防部長董軍週三敦促各國避免挑釁行為，並遏止倒退歷史潮流復燃。這番言論可能被視為對日本的隱晦批評。BEIJING, Sept 16 (Reuters) - Chinese Defence Minister Dong Jun urged nations on Wednesday to avoid provocative acts and curb the resurgence of regressive historical trends in remarks likely to be taken as veiled criticism of Japan.

董軍是在北京香山論壇就安全議題發表上述談話。此時，區域緊張局勢正因中國聲稱擁有主權的台灣，以及存在爭議的南海水道而動盪不安；外界對美國傳統上對亞洲安全承諾的疑慮也日益加深。Dong's comments at the Beijing Xiangshan Forum on security come at a time of roiling regional tension over China-claimed Taiwan and the disputed South China Sea waterway, as doubt grows over traditional U.S. security commitments to Asia.

董軍警告，世界已來到「脆弱時刻」，並呼籲以更新、更平等的方式解決國際緊張局勢，但幾乎未提出具體內容，也沒有直接批評對手。Warning that the world had arrived at a "fragile moment", Dong called for a fresher, more equal approach to resolving international tension, but offered few specifics or direct criticism of rivals.

他在開幕演說中表示：「我們必須牢記歷史教訓，對霸權主義、軍國主義和歷史修正主義的一切潛在表現保持高度警惕。」"We must bear in mind the lessons of history and remain highly vigilant against all latent manifestations of hegemony, militarism and historical revisionism," he said in an opening speech.

「我們不能對這類行為視而不見或加以縱容。透過凝聚廣泛的正義力量，我們必須壓制歷史糟粕復燃，防止它們趁勢作亂、造成危害。」"We must not turn a blind eye or condone such behaviour. By rallying broad-based forces of justice, we must suppress the resurgence of historical dregs and prevent them from exploiting the situation to cause harm."

日本首相高市早苗去年表示，若中國假想攻擊台灣，可能引發日本軍事回應，中日關係隨後急遽惡化。Ties between China and Japan plummeted last year after Japanese Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi suggested a hypothetical Chinese attack on Taiwan could trigger a Japanese military response.

這促使北京一再警告，日本正試圖回到其軍國主義過去；1931年日本占領中國東北滿洲，之後當時的中華民國與日本爆發全面戰爭，這段歷史即屬其中一部分。That spurred Beijing to repeatedly warn that Japan was seeking a return to its militarist past, which included the Japanese occupation of northeast China's Manchuria in 1931 before a full war between the then-Republic of China and Japan.

約2,000名來自100個國家的軍官、外交官和學者出席這場為期三天、預定持續至週四的活動；與會代表包括若干區域國防部長、一名五角大廈高階官員、俄羅斯學者和塔利班代表。Some 2,000 military officers, diplomats and academics from 100 countries are attending the three-day event set to run until Thursday, with delegates including some regional defence ministers, a senior Pentagon official, Russian academics and Taliban representatives.

未直接批評美國或區域盟友NO DIRECT CRITICISM OF U.S. OR REGIONAL ALLIES

如同部分分析人士所預測，董軍避開直接批評美國或日本等美國區域盟友，並似乎緊扣中國長期以來的立場。As some analysts predicted, Dong steered clear of direct criticism of the United States or its regional allies, such as Japan, and appeared to hew closely to long-held Chinese positions.

董軍敦促各方努力邁向和平的多極世界，其特徵是「夥伴而非結盟、共贏而非零和」。Dong urged efforts towards a peaceful, multipolar world marked by "partnership rather than alliance, win-win rather than zero sum".

他補充說：「對於為一己私利或特定小圈子的利益，試圖挾持區域各國整體利益的挑釁行為，我們絕不能姑息，必須共同加以約束。」"We must show no leniency towards provocative acts that seek to hijack the overall interests of countries in the region for the sake of personal gain or the interests of particular cliques, and we must work together to rein them in," he added.

這番言論發表之際，距中國國家主席習近平預計訪問美國、與總統唐納・川普舉行峰會僅一週。The comments come a week before Chinese President Xi Jinping is expected to visit the United States for a summit with President Donald Trump.

中國將民主治理的台灣視為自己的領土，並已加大對台灣周邊的軍事壓力，包括不定期舉行軍事演習。台灣政府拒絕接受北京的主權主張。China views democratically governed Taiwan as its own territory and has ramped up military pressure around the island, including periodically staging war games. Taiwan's government rejects Beijing's claims of sovereignty.

相較於在新加坡舉行、知名度較高且普遍被視為較不受拘束的香格里拉對話，北京香山論壇被視為一個安排嚴密的競爭平台。該論壇舉行之際，中國正擴大軍事外交；這種軍事外交常以雙邊演習形式展開，軍事武官表示，這些演習的複雜程度正逐步提高。A tightly scripted rival to the more prominent Shangri-La Dialogue in Singapore, which is widely seen as a more freewheeling affair, the forum comes at a time of China's expansion of military diplomacy. This often takes the form of bilateral exercises that military attaches say are slowly growing in complexity.

較為尖銳的交鋒之一，發生在沙烏地阿拉伯智庫研究員圖爾基・費瑟爾親王與伊朗高階軍官穆罕默德・塔吉・奧桑盧同場參與一場座談時。One of the sharper exchanges took place when a Saudi Arabian think-tank researcher, Prince Turki Al-Faisal, shared a panel with a senior Iranian military officer, Mohammad Taghi Osanlou.

奧桑盧表示，美國正逆著歷史潮流，企圖維持其「單極霸權體系」，而外部勢力正在撕裂中東團結。Osaulou said the U.S. was attempting to maintain its "unipolar hegmonic system" against the tide of history, and external forces were tearing apart Middle Eastern unity.

費瑟爾也批評美國和德國，但他表示，沙烏地阿拉伯當前的關切是伊朗無法尊重阿拉伯國家的主權，「最終導致其在最近戰爭中，對這些國家的領土與資產發動侵略性且非法的攻擊」。While also criticising the U.S. and Germany, Al-Faisal said Saudi Arabia's immediate concern was Iran's inability to respect the sovereignty of the Arab states "culminating in its aggressive and unlawful attacks on their territories and assets in the recent war."

（梅梅・朱北京報導；北京新聞室補充報導；葛雷格・托羅德香港撰稿；湯姆・霍格、克拉倫斯・費南德茲與拉朱・戈帕拉克里希南編輯）(Reporting by Mei Mei Chu in Beijing; additional reporting by Beijing newsroom; Writing by Greg Torode in Hong Kong; Editing by Tom Hogue, Clarence Fernandez and Raju Gopalakrishnan)