盟友團結支持沙烏地阿拉伯，更多伊朗航班遭限制

提穆爾・阿扎里（Timour Azhari）、哈特姆・馬赫爾（Hatem Maher）報導By Timour Azhari and Hatem Maher

利雅德／開羅9月25日（路透）—— 沙烏地阿拉伯、土耳其與巴基斯坦軍方首長將討論在沙烏地面臨葉門胡塞武裝攻擊之際提供協助；與此同時，伊拉克週五配合美國壓力進一步限制伊朗航班，一名伊朗官員則威脅將展開報復。RIYADH/CAIRO, Sept 25 (Reuters) - Saudi, Turkish and Pakistani military chiefs are to discuss help for Saudi Arabia as it faces attacks by Yemen's Houthis, while Iraq further curtailed Iranian flights on Friday in line with US pressure, and an Iranian official threatened retaliation.

胡塞武裝對沙烏地支持的葉門政府發動攻擊，並多次向沙烏地境內開火，擾亂這個全球最大能源出口國的石油流通。這是中東更大規模戰事的一環，這場戰爭始於美國與以色列2月28日對伊朗發動攻擊。The Houthis have launched strikes on the Saudi-backed government in Yemen and repeatedly fired into Saudi Arabia, disrupting oil flows from the world's largest energy exporter, as part of a wider Middle East war that began with US and Israeli strikes on Iran on February 28.

本週軍事升級仍在持續，儘管各方在紐約聯合國大會期間推動重啟外交努力，以結束這場衝突。這場衝突3月迅速擴散至黎巴嫩與波斯灣，近幾週又在葉門升高。The military escalation continued this week despite a push during the UN General Assembly in New York to revive diplomacy to end the conflict, which quickly spread to Lebanon and the Gulf in March before escalating in Yemen in recent weeks.

在談判陷入停滯、美國與伊朗直接交火暫歇之際，華府已轉變策略，透過「次級制裁」鎖定與伊朗企業往來的第三國公司，擴大其金融制裁的影響範圍。With talks stalled and during a lull in direct fire by the US and Iran, Washington had shifted tactics to extend the reach of its financial sanctions by targeting companies from third countries that do business with Iranian firms through "secondary sanctions".

因應美國新制裁，阿拉伯聯合大公國與阿曼等伊朗鄰國週四禁止伊朗航空公司航班入境，這是美方策略轉向後首個重大影響。Iranian airlines were barred from neighbouring countries including the United Arab Emirates and Oman on Thursday in response to new US sanctions, the first big impact of the shift.

消息人士與國營媒體表示，週五，伊拉克另外三座營運往返伊朗航班的機場，也跟進巴格達機場暫停相關航班。On Friday, the three other Iraqi airports that operate flights to and from Iran joined Baghdad airport in suspending them, sources and state media said.

若禁飛令持續，可能加深伊朗的孤立，並使該國經濟危機惡化；伊朗目前已面臨美國對其海港的封鎖。A flight ban, if sustained, could deepen Iran's isolation and worsen an economic crisis in the country, which is already facing a US blockade of its seaports.

伊朗最高領袖顧問穆罕默德・穆赫貝爾（Mohammad Mokhber）指控區域國家阻擋航班，是「與美國站在同一陣線」。Mohammad Mokhber, an adviser to Iran's supreme leader, accused regional countries of "alignment with America" for blocking flights.

他在社群媒體發文表示：「如果伊朗無法飛航並取得機場服務，那麼本區域沒有任何國家能享有這種可能性。」"If Iran does not have the possibility to fly and receive airport services, then no country in the region will have this possibility either," he said in a social media post.

石油出口受擠壓OIL EXPORTS SQUEEZED

這場由美國總統唐納・川普（Donald Trump）與以色列共同發動的戰爭，已造成數千人死亡，並擾亂全球貿易與能源供應，加劇通膨壓力。The war, which US President Donald Trump launched alongside Israel, has killed thousands of people and disrupted global trade and energy supplies, adding to inflationary pressures.

儘管美國與伊朗之間的戰鬥時斷時續，伊朗盟友已動員起來，真主黨在黎巴嫩與以色列對抗，胡塞武裝則在葉門推進，引發新的 humanitarian crisis。While the fighting between the US and Iran has been stop-start, Iranian allies have mobilised, with Hezbollah confronting Israel in Lebanon and the Houthis advancing in Yemen, prompting a new humanitarian crisis.

伊朗及其盟友已大幅壓縮美國盟友沙烏地阿拉伯的石油出口。胡塞武裝擾亂紅海口船舶交通，伊朗則實際上限制了荷姆茲海峽的油輪通行；戰前，全球20%石油出口經由這條海峽運輸。Iran and its allies have significantly squeezed oil exports from Saudi Arabia, a US ally. The Houthis have disrupted ship traffic at the mouth of the Red Sea while Iran has effectively limited tanker traffic at the Strait of Hormuz, the conduit for 20% of the world's oil exports before the war.

胡塞武裝週四表示，他們向沙烏地目標發射數十枚飛彈與無人機；沙烏地當局則表示，他們攔截了胡塞戰士發射的6枚彈道飛彈。On Thursday, the Houthis said they had fired dozens of missiles and drones at Saudi targets, while authorities in Saudi Arabia said they had intercepted six ballistic missiles fired by Houthi fighters.

稍後，沙烏地阿拉伯最高宗教權威、大穆夫提呼籲士兵準備犧牲性命，與胡塞武裝作戰，直到該組織被趕下台為止。Later, Saudi Arabia's Grand Mufti, the kingdom's top religious authority, called on soldiers to be ready to lay down their lives to fight the Houthis until the group is ousted from power.

在戰事之中，沙烏地、巴基斯坦與土耳其外長在8月簽署的《麥加共同防衛協議》架構下會晤。他們譴責針對麥加與其他民用場所的攻擊，並確認沙烏地阿拉伯有權自衛。Amid the fighting, the Saudi, Pakistani and Turkish foreign ministers met within the framework of the Mecca Joint Defence Agreement, signed in August. They condemned attacks targeting Mecca and other civilian sites, while affirming Saudi Arabia's right to defend itself.

沙烏地一份聲明表示：「各部長也討論安排三國參謀總長召開緊急會議，討論依據《麥加共同防衛協議》支持沙烏地阿拉伯的方式。該協議規定，對任何一方的攻擊即構成對所有締約方的攻擊。」"The ministers also discussed arrangements for holding an urgent meeting of the chiefs of staff of the three countries to discuss ways to support Saudi Arabia under the Mecca Joint Defence Agreement, which stipulates that an attack against any one of the parties constitutes an attack against all parties," a Saudi statement said.

土耳其國防部表示，總參謀長塞爾丘克・巴伊拉克塔羅格魯（Selcuk Bayraktaroglu）上將週五將前往沙烏地阿拉伯，會見沙烏地與巴基斯坦對口官員。Turkey's defence ministry said Chief of General Staff General Selcuk Bayraktaroglu would travel to Saudi Arabia on Friday to meet his Saudi and Pakistani counterparts.

安卡拉先前曾表示，可協助滿足利雅德的軍事需求，尤其是在技術議題上；但官員表示，由於共同防衛協議尚未經土耳其國會批准，現階段任何支援大多會以雙邊方式、並本於盟友精神進行。Ankara has previously said it could help meet Riyadh's military needs, especially on technical issues, but officials have said any support at this stage would be largely bilateral and in the spirit of their alliance, since the joint defence agreement has not yet been ratified by Turkey's parliament.

紐約穿梭外交SHUTTLE DIPLOMACY IN NEW YORK

在紐約，伊朗外交部長阿巴斯・阿拉奇（Abbas Araqchi）週四告訴記者，德黑蘭已透過中間人向美國轉達一項提案；依照該提案，若德黑蘭的條件獲得滿足，荷姆茲海峽將重新開放。In New York, Iran’s Foreign Minister Abbas Araqchi told reporters on Thursday that Tehran had conveyed a proposal to the US via intermediaries under which the Strait of Hormuz would be reopened if Tehran’s conditions were met.

他表示，依照伊朗提案，包括黎巴嫩在內的各條戰線敵對行動將在7天內結束。美國將解除對伊朗港口的封鎖、釋放伊朗遭凍結資金，並豁免其石油制裁。Under Iran’s proposal, hostilities would end on all fronts, including Lebanon, within seven days. The US would lift its blockade on Iranian ports, release Iran’s frozen funds and waive its oil sanctions, he said.

阿拉奇說：「荷姆茲海峽將在最後一天重新開放。」他並表示，之後將啟動與美國就其他議題的談判，包括伊朗核問題。"The Strait of Hormuz will be reopened on the last day," Araqchi said, adding that talks with the US on other issues, including Iran’s nuclear issue, would then start.

一名伊朗高階官員週三告訴路透社，德黑蘭正在審視華府對其和平提案的回應。A senior Iranian official told Reuters on Wednesday that Tehran was reviewing Washington's response to its peace proposals.

油價週五下跌，市場評估休戰的可能性；儘管如此，週四記錄到通過荷姆茲海峽的船隻數量降至9艘，為10日平均值的一半。Oil prices fell on Friday as markets weighed the possibility of a truce, despite the number of ships recorded transiting the Strait of Hormuz dropping to nine on Thursday, half the 10-day average.

（提穆爾・阿扎里利雅德報導、哈特姆・馬赫爾開羅報導、卡尼什卡・辛格華盛頓報導、圖萬・古姆魯克居安卡拉報導；丹尼爾・特羅塔與艾丹・路易斯撰稿；林肯・費斯特、史蒂芬・科茨編輯，及）(Reporting by Timour Azhari in Riyadh, Hatem Maher in Cairo, Kanishka Singh in Washington, Tuvan Gumrukcu in Ankara; Writing by Daniel Trotta and Aidan Lewis; Editing by Lincoln Feast, Stephen Coates, and)