歐盟馮德萊恩盼加拿大成為歐盟首個「準會員」

茱莉亞・潘恩與英格麗・梅蘭德報導By Julia Payne and Ingrid Melander

布魯塞爾9月16日（路透）—— 歐盟執委會主席烏蘇拉・馮德萊恩週三表示，她希望為加拿大成為歐盟首個「準會員」開啟大門，藉此在「公開敵對的世界」中推動盟友建立新的連結。BRUSSELS, Sept 16 (Reuters) - European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen said on Wednesday she wanted to open the door to Canada becoming the EU's first "associate member" in a push to forge new links among allies in "an openly hostile world".

她提出這項構想後，歐盟議員起立鼓掌；隨後她走向加拿大總理馬克・卡尼並與他擁抱。卡尼當時人在歐洲議會，聆聽馮德萊恩發表年度盟情演說。European Union lawmakers gave a standing ovation after she made the proposal and then walked over to embrace Canada's Prime Minister Mark Carney, who was in the European Parliament to hear her annual State of the Union address.

馮德萊恩在史特拉斯堡向議會表示，「在當今世界冰冷而脆弱的局勢下」，需要新的夥伴關係，但她並未詳述準會員身分將代表什麼。New partnerships were needed "in the cold fragility of today’s world," von der Leyen told the assembly in Strasbourg, without detailing what associate membership would mean.

這個由27國組成的集團面臨邊境戰爭，也就是俄羅斯入侵烏克蘭。歐盟與加拿大同時也在貿易和其他議題上，面臨美國總統川普政府以及日益強勢的中國所帶來的激烈競爭。The 27-nation bloc faces war at its borders, with Russia's invasion of Ukraine. Both the EU and Canada have also been facing stiff rivalry on trade and other issues from the administration of U.S. President Donald Trump and from an increasingly assertive China.

「歐洲與加拿大都相信民主」'EUROPE AND CANADA BELIEVE IN DEMOCRACY'

馮德萊恩說：「我曾表示，我們必須迫切重新想像我們的夥伴關係。因此，我希望與你合作，為加拿大成為歐盟首個準會員開啟大門。」"I said we must urgently reimagine our partnerships. So, I would like to work with you on opening the door for Canada to be the first associate member of the EU," von der Leyen said.

馮德萊恩向議會表示，歐盟與加拿大「以同樣的眼光看待世界：從人工智慧到氣候變遷，從北極到地緣政治。並且我們一直站在一起：在烏克蘭、防衛、原物料以及供應鏈等議題上。但最重要的是……歐洲與加拿大都相信民主。」The EU and Canada "see the world with the same eyes: from AI to climate change, from the Arctic to geopolitics. And we have stood together: on Ukraine, on defence, on raw materials and on supply chains. But above all … Europe and Canada believe in democracy," von der Leyen told the assembly.

卡尼辦公室表示，卡尼歡迎馮德萊恩提出「未來建立更強大、更具雄心聯盟」的構想，並補充說：「加拿大與歐洲應透過在全方位戰略能力上的深度合作，確保我們的戰略自主。」Carney welcomed von der Leyen's proposal for "a far stronger, more ambitious alliance in the future," his office said, adding: "Canada and Europe should secure our strategic autonomy through deep cooperation in the full range of strategic capabilities."

他並未提及準會員身分。He did not mention associate membership.

川普威脅說，如果歐盟推進這項提案，他將對歐盟採取行動。Trump threatened to take action against the EU if it moved forward with the proposal.

川普在前往北卡羅來納州參加一場活動途中告訴記者：「如果他們這麼做，如果我認為那在任何程度上都是敵對行為，我就會祭出非常嚴厲的關稅，或是在許多項目上停止與歐洲貿易。」"If they do that, if I think it's at all a hostile act, I will put very serious tariffs or stop trading with Europe on many things," Trump told reporters en route to an event in North Carolina.

提案引發疑問PROPOSAL RAISES QUESTIONS

馮德萊恩這項提案讓部分歐盟觀察人士感到困惑，而提案是否推進，將取決於歐盟成員國，而非馮德萊恩一人。It will be up to EU member states, and not von der Leyen alone, whether her proposal, which left some EU watchers befuddled, goes ahead.

歐盟過去一直抗拒沒有法律地位的彈性聯盟。德國5月曾提議，將準會員身分作為烏克蘭正式加入歐盟的踏腳石，但歐盟成員國反應冷淡。The EU has historically resisted flexible alliances that have no legal status. EU members were lukewarm in reacting to Germany's proposal in May of associate membership for Ukraine as a stepping stone to full accession.

一名歐盟外交官對馮德萊恩的提案表示驚訝，稱「沒有人真的知道這是什麼意思」。這名外交官並補充說，有人擔心這位歐盟執委會主席「承諾過多，最後無法兌現」。One EU diplomat expressed surprise at von der Leyen's proposal, saying "nobody really knows what it means." The diplomat added there were concerns that the European Commission chief "is overpromising and won't be able to deliver."

歐洲政策中心智庫執行長法比安・祖利格（Fabian Zuleeg）表示，他不預期雙方會有重大的經濟收益，但在共同對抗川普的經濟脅迫，以及在經濟安全方面合作上，仍有潛力。Fabian Zuleeg, chief executive of the European Policy Centre think tank, said he would not expect significant economic gains for either side, but that there was potential in “standing up together” against Trump’s economic coercion and in working together on economic security.

不過他說，其中一項風險是言詞沒有實質行動支撐，這將「最後使我們變得更弱，而非更強」。However, he said one risk was that words were not followed by substance, which would "end up making us weaker rather than stronger."

貿易談判破局TRADE TALKS BREAK DOWN

卡尼此行訪歐，是在加拿大與美國上月貿易談判破局之後；談判破局引發一連串雙方互相加徵關稅的措施。Carney's European trip follows the collapse of Canada-U.S. trade talks last month, which sparked a series of back-and-forth tariff measures.

隨著加拿大在日益激烈的貿易戰中轉向遠離南方鄰國，卡尼已承諾在未來10年內讓加拿大與美國以外國家的貿易翻倍。He has pledged to double Canada’s non-U.S. trade in the next decade as the country pivots away from its southern neighbour amid an increasingly acrimonious trade war.

馮德萊恩在演說中表示，歐盟與加拿大將跨領域合作。In her speech, von der Leyen said the EU and Canada will work together across sectors.

她說：「我們將在智慧製造方面合作。我們將建立科技聯盟。我們將整合國防工業基礎。我們將把北極打造成一項旗艦共同計畫。」"We will work on intelligent manufacturing. We will create a tech alliance. We will integrate defence industrial bases. We will make the Arctic a flagship joint project," she said.

她補充說：「夥伴關係是歐洲的戰略選擇。但它們也回應了以國際規則為基礎的體系所出現的裂痕。」"Partnerships are a strategic choice for Europe. But they also respond to the fracture in the international rules-based system," she added.

馮德萊恩還說：「這是一項不針對任何其他人的夥伴關係。」Von der Leyen added, "This is a partnership not against anyone else."

烏克蘭外交部發言人泰希（Heorhii Tykhyi）表示，烏克蘭歡迎歐盟與加拿大深化關係，並將密切關注後續發展。Ukraine's Foreign Ministry spokesperson, Heorhii Tykhyi, said his country welcomed deeper ties between the EU and Canada and would closely watch what comes next.

這名發言人說：「我們也很感興趣，並正在研究這具體將包含哪些內容，以及整合程度會有多深。」"We are also interested and are examining what it will specifically entail and how close the integration will be," the spokesperson said.

（布魯塞爾莉莉・拜爾、安德魯・葛雷、吳奕明、夏洛特・范坎彭豪特，多倫多瑪麗亞・鄭、卡洛琳・史陶佛，基輔尤莉婭・迪薩補充報導；英格麗・梅蘭德與茱莉亞・潘恩撰稿；菲利普・布倫金索普、安德魯・海文斯、羅德・尼克與迪帕・巴賓頓編輯）(Additional reporting by Lili Bayer, Andrew Gray, Yiming Woo, Charlotte Van Campenhout in Brussels, Maria Cheng and Caroline Stauffer in Toronto, Yuliia Dysa in Kyiv; Writing by Ingrid Melander and Julia Payne; Editing by Philip Blenkinsop, Andrew Heavens, Rod Nickel and Deepa Babington)