美國參議院未能推進大規模加密貨幣法案，重挫業界

作者：漢娜・朗By Hannah Lang

路透9月15日電——美國參議院週二未能推進由總統唐納・川普支持的全面性加密貨幣立法，對數位資產公司以及數月來力挺該法案的共和黨人而言，是一大挫敗。Sept 15 (Reuters) - The U.S. Senate failed on Tuesday to advance comprehensive cryptocurrency legislation backed by President Donald Trump in a major blow for digital asset companies and Republicans who had championed the bill for months.

這項名為《清晰法案》（Clarity Act）的法案，未達100席參議院推進多數立法所需的60票門檻，差了10票；4名共和黨籍參議員——傑瑞・莫蘭（Jerry Moran）、蘇珊・柯林斯（Susan Collins）、喬許・霍利（Josh Hawley）和湯姆・提利斯（Thom Tillis）——加入所有民主黨籍參議員陣營投下反對票。表決結果為50票贊成、49票反對。The bill, called the Clarity Act, fell 10 short of reaching the 60-vote threshold needed to advance most legislation in the 100-seat chamber, as four Republican senators — Jerry Moran, Susan Collins, Josh Hawley and Thom Tillis — joined all the Democrats in voting against it. The vote was 50-49 in favor.

這場表決實際上讓法案遭到擱置，因為國會本月將離開華府，迎接11月期中選舉；屆時川普所屬的共和黨將力拚保住眾議院與參議院控制權。The vote effectively put the bill on ice, as Congress is set to depart Washington this month ahead of the November midterm elections in which Trump's fellow Republicans are fighting to retain control of the House of Representatives and Senate.

提利斯透過程序性操作，把票從贊成改為反對，以保留日後再次提出這項措施重新審議的能力。Tillis switched his vote from yes to no in a procedural move that preserves his ability to bring the measure back up for reconsideration later.

參議院共和黨人週日晚間公布法案新版本，做最後努力，試圖回應銀行業和部分民主黨人的疑慮，但反對者並未因此改變立場。Senate Republicans on Sunday night released a new text of the bill in a last-ditch effort to address concerns from the banking industry and some Democrats, but the opponents were not swayed.

《清晰法案》旨在為數位資產建立監管架構；加密貨幣公司表示，這將讓它們在法律上站得更穩。這個財力雄厚的產業投入數億美元推動該法案過關。The Clarity Act aimed to create a regulatory framework for digital ‌assets, which crypto companies say would put them on a more solid legal footing. The deep-pocketed industry spent hundreds of millions of dollars campaigning to advance the bill.

川普曾敦促國會通過該法案；他已從家族加密貨幣事業賺進逾14億美元。川普在2024年大選競選期間爭取加密貨幣產業的資金，並自稱是「加密貨幣總統」。Trump, who has earned more than $1.4 billion from his family's crypto ventures, had urged Congress to pass it. Trump courted cash from the crypto industry on the campaign trail during the 2024 election, calling himself a "crypto president."

如今，他政府旗下的監管機關，特別是美國證券交易委員會（SEC）和美國商品期貨交易委員會（CFTC），將有機會填補加密貨幣政策空缺；不過，為數位資產產業制定有利規則的努力可能會面臨挑戰。His regulators, particularly the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission, will now be positioned to fill the crypto policy void, but efforts to write favorable rules for the digital asset industry could prove challenging.

業界專家表示，只有國會才能建立持久的監管架構。高階主管和分析師表示，若沒有立法，監管規範將容易受政治氣候變化和法院挑戰影響，為加密貨幣產業留下持續存在的風險。Industry experts have said only Congress can create a lasting regulatory framework. Without legislation, regulations will be vulnerable to the shifting political climate and court challenges, creating lingering hazards for the crypto industry, said executives and analysts.

Coinbase執行長布萊恩・阿姆斯壯（Brian Armstrong）週二表決後在社群媒體貼文中表示：「《清晰法案》今天未能在參議院推進，令人失望。」"The CLARITY Act didn't advance in the Senate today, which was a disappointment," said Coinbase CEO Brian Armstrong in a social media post on Tuesday after the vote.

他補充說：「SEC和CFTC擁有在現有權限下制定明確規則所需的工具，我預期它們將開始認真著手處理這件事。」"The SEC and CFTC have the tools they need to create clear rules under existing authority, and I expect will begin working on this in earnest," he added.

川普政府本身大規模撤回前民主黨籍總統喬・拜登任內推出的數十項SEC和消費者監督機構政策，已凸顯這項風險。The Trump administration's own extensive rollback of dozens of SEC and consumer watchdog policies introduced under former Democratic President Joe Biden has underscored that risk.

在表決看似將闖關失敗之際，全球最大加密貨幣比特幣下跌逾5%，創下6月以來最大單日百分比跌幅。加密貨幣交易所Coinbase和穩定幣發行商Circle的股價一度下跌多達10%。Bitcoin, the world's largest cryptocurrency, fell more than 5% as the vote appeared on track to fail, its biggest daily percentage decline since June. Shares of crypto exchange Coinbase and stablecoin issuer Circle fell as much as 10%.

（漢娜・朗紐約報導；葛楚德・查維茲-德雷福斯紐約補充報導；馬修・路易斯、威爾・鄧納姆與休・勞森編輯）(Reporting by Hannah Lang in New York; Additional reporting by Gertrude Chavez-Dreyfuss in New York; Editing by Matthew Lewis, Will Dunham and Hugh Lawson)