聯合國專家稱，馬杜洛被罷黜後委內瑞拉侵犯人權情事仍持續

奧莉薇亞・勒波德文（Olivia Le Poidevin）報導By Olivia Le Poidevin

日內瓦，9月16日（路透社）——一項由聯合國授權的調查週三表示，儘管委內瑞拉總統尼古拉斯・馬杜洛今年稍早被罷黜後，部分侵害情事有所減少，但委內瑞拉的鎮壓體系大致仍完好存在。GENEVA, Sept 16 (Reuters) - A U.N.-mandated probe said on Wednesday that Venezuela's apparatus of repression remains largely intact despite a reduction in some abuses following President Nicolas Maduro's removal from power earlier this year.

美國已將馬杜洛拘押，讓他就販毒指控受審，但大致保留了其社會黨政府架構，令委內瑞拉反對派失望。反對派表示，他們在2024年選舉中勝利遭竊，理應執政。The U.S. has locked Maduro up to face trial on drug-trafficking charges, but left his Socialist Party government largely intact, to the disappointment of Venezuela's opposition which says it was robbed of a 2024 vote and should be in power.

這個獨立事實調查團在提交聯合國人權理事會的報告中表示，馬杜洛1月遭擒使長期基於政治動機的拘押及相關侵害減少，但這並不代表委內瑞拉已與多年的鎮壓有根本切割。In a report to the U.N. Human Rights Council, the independent fact-finding mission said Maduro's capture in January led to a fall in long-term politically motivated detentions and related abuses, but did not amount to a fundamental break with years of repression.

調查團表示：「自那個日期以來採取的政治自由化措施，充其量仍是局部、有條件且可逆的。」調查團並補充，擺脫最嚴酷形式的鎮壓，未必是「真正且可持續的轉變」。"The measures of political liberalization adopted since that date remain partial, conditional and reversible at best," the mission said, adding a departure from the harshest forms of repression may not be a "genuine and sustainable departure".

委內瑞拉駐日內瓦聯合國代表團未立即回應路透社的採訪請求。Venezuela's mission to the U.N. in Geneva did not immediately respond to a Reuters request for comment.

這份報告涵蓋2025年9月至今年7月，形容美國這項干預違反國際法。The report, covering the period from September last year to July, described the U.S. intervention as a breach of international law.

馬杜洛的統治先前受到反對派及多個西方政府廣泛質疑，包括因具爭議的2024年總統大選而遭質疑。Maduro's rule had been widely challenged by the opposition and numerous Western governments, including over the disputed 2024 presidential election.

若干進展SOME ADVANCES

報告指出，臨時總統戴爾西・羅德里格斯（Delcy Rodriguez）——馬杜洛的盟友——推出多項措施，包括釋放囚犯、制定特赦法，以及關閉長期與任意拘押和酷刑相連的拘留設施埃爾赫利科伊德（El Helicoide）。The report noted that interim President Delcy Rodriguez – a Maduro ally – introduced measures including prisoner releases, an amnesty law and the closure of El Helicoide, a detention facility long associated with arbitrary detention and torture.

報告也表示，公民社會團體和反對派人士獲得更多組織活動與批評當局的空間。It also said that civil society groups and opposition figures had gained greater latitude to organize and criticize authorities.

然而，聯合國獨立專家表示，與過往鎮壓有關的高階官員仍位居要職，而用於限制異議的安全機構、情報單位及法律，尚未經歷有意義的改革。However, the independent U.N. experts said senior officials linked to past repression remained in key positions and security agencies, intelligence services and laws used to restrict dissent had not undergone meaningful reform.

調查團表示，數百人仍因政治因素遭任意拘押，其中包括真實或被視為政府反對者的人士，且他們持續面臨惡劣監禁環境、酷刑和不當待遇。The mission said hundreds of people, including real or perceived opponents of the government, remained arbitrarily detained for political reasons and continued to face harsh prison conditions, torture and ill-treatment.

調查團記錄了埃爾羅德奧一號（El Rodeo I）與瓜伊凱普羅堡（Fuerte Guaicaipuro）兩座最高戒備監獄內發生毆打、電擊、長時間單獨監禁及其他侵害的指控。It documented allegations of beatings, electric shocks, prolonged isolation and other abuses at the El Rodeo I and Fuerte Guaicaipuro maximum-security prisons.

報告也發現，國家與稱為「colectivos」的武裝平民團體之間存在廣泛聯繫，並表示這些團體在國家機構的政治、財務與後勤支持下，對被視為反對派的人士進行恐嚇，扮演了關鍵角色。The report also found extensive links between the state and armed civilian groups known as "colectivos," saying they had played a key role in intimidating perceived opponents with political, financial and logistical backing from state institutions.

調查團表示，當局未能推動追究過往侵害行為的責任，並批評委內瑞拉決定退出國際刑事法院（International Criminal Court）的《羅馬規約》（Rome Statute）。The mission said authorities had failed to advance accountability for past abuses and criticised Venezuela's decision to withdraw from the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court.

調查團敦促政府釋放所有政治被拘押者、調查涉嫌危害人類罪的行為、改革安全機構，並解散涉及侵犯人權的武裝平民團體。It urged the government to release all political detainees, investigate alleged crimes against humanity, reform security institutions and dismantle armed civilian groups involved in rights violations.

（奧莉薇亞・勒波德文報導；安德魯・考索恩編輯）(Reporting by Olivia Le Poidevin; Editing by Andrew Cawthorne)