義大利參議院在反對派抵制下通過梅洛尼選舉改革案

安傑洛・阿曼特（Angelo Amante）報導By Angelo Amante

羅馬，9月15日（路透）— 義大利一項備受爭議的選舉法改革案週二在反對派強烈批評下獲參議院通過；政治對手指控總理梅洛尼修改規則，是為了提高她明年贏得連任的機會。ROME, Sept 15 (Reuters) - A contested reform of Italy's electoral law won Senate approval on Tuesday amid fierce opposition criticism, as rivals accused Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni of changing the rules to improve her chances of winning re-election next year.

梅洛尼的保守派聯盟包括義大利兄弟黨（Brothers of Italy）、聯盟黨（the League）與義大利力量黨（Forza Italia）。該聯盟提出一套完全比例代表制投票制度，將保證任何得票率超過42%的聯盟取得國會多數席次。Meloni's conservative coalition, including Brothers of Italy, the League and Forza Italia, has put forward a fully proportional voting system that would guarantee a parliamentary majority to any alliance winning more than 42% of the vote.

這項措施仍須取得義大利眾議院（下議院）的最終批准。The measure still needs final approval from Italy's lower house.

依現行制度，多數國會議員透過比例代表制選出，另有三分之一由相對多數制選區產生；分析人士指出，這些選區可能有利於中間偏左的反對派。這項改革將廢除這類選區。Under the current system, most lawmakers are elected through proportional representation, while a third are chosen in first-past-the-post constituencies that analysts say may favour the centre-left opposition. The reform would abolish these.

執政聯盟表示，這項以113票贊成、71票反對通過的改革，將確保義大利的政治穩定；義大利素以政府短命聞名。梅洛尼於2022年上任，本月成為第二次世界大戰以來義大利任期最久政府的領導人。The coalition said the reform, approved by 113 votes to 71, would ensure political stability in a country notorious for short-lived governments. Meloni took office in 2022 and this month became the leader of Italy's longest-lasting administration since World War Two.

義大利活力黨（Italia Viva）領袖、前總理馬泰奧・倫齊（Matteo Renzi）說：「這不是為了穩定。你們這麼做，是因為你們認為自己有可能輸掉下次選舉。」"This isn't about stability. You're doing it because you believe that there is a risk you will lose the next election," said former prime minister Matteo Renzi, leader of the Italia Viva party.

法案退回眾議院LAW GOES BACK TO LOWER HOUSE

投票後，中間偏左派參議員揮舞紅色與黃色標語牌，上頭寫著：「反對詐欺法案」。After the vote, centre-left senators waved red and yellow placards bearing the slogan: "No to the fraud law."

這項改革案7月在眾議院初步通過，但過程被梅洛尼遭遇的一次挫敗所掩蓋。她提出重新引入偏好投票制，讓選民得以從政黨名單中挑選自己偏好的候選人；但由於執政聯盟內部跑票，該提案在秘密投票中以些微差距遭否決。The reform's initial approval in the lower house in July was overshadowed by a setback for Meloni. Her proposal to reintroduce preferential voting — which allows voters to pick their preferred candidates from party lists — was narrowly defeated in a secret ballot due to defections within the ruling coalition.

這場投票暴露出執政聯盟在明年預定舉行選舉前的緊張關係，也加深外界觀感：在中間偏左陣營民調微幅領先之際，梅洛尼對聯盟的掌控力可能正在減弱。That vote exposed strains within the alliance ahead of an election due next year, fuelling perceptions that Meloni's grip on the coalition may be weakening at a time when the centre-left holds a narrow lead in the polls.

長期支持偏好投票制的梅洛尼沒有放棄這項措施，而是將其送交參議院，並獲得通過。由於改革案經過修正，現在必須再送回眾議院（Chamber of Deputies）進行最終表決。Rather than drop the measure, Meloni, who has long supported preferential voting, brought it back to the Senate, which approved it. Because the reform was amended, it must now return to the Chamber of Deputies, or lower house, for a final vote.

一些政治人物認為，新法可能讓梅洛尼的對手受益；在極右翼新政黨國民未來黨（National Future）持續侵蝕她的保守派聯盟支持度之際，對手可能跨過42%門檻並取得多數獎勵席次。Some politicians suggest the new law could benefit Meloni's opponents, who could surpass the 42% threshold and secure the majority bonus, while a new far-right party, National Future, steadily erodes support for her conservative coalition.

梅洛尼已駁斥她可能與國民未來黨達成選舉結盟的說法，但民調顯示，若雙方聯手，將可明顯領先中間偏左陣營。Meloni has rejected the suggestion she might make an electoral pact with National Future, but polls say such a tie-up would give them a clear lead over the centre-left bloc.

這項改革也將要求每個聯盟在選舉前提出其總理候選人；這項規定正加深意見分歧的反對黨領袖之間的緊張關係。The reform would also require each alliance to name its candidate for prime minister before the election, a provision that is deepening tensions among the leaders of the fractious opposition parties.

民調機構SWG的拉多・方達（Rado Fonda）說：「這可能會對中間偏左陣營造成問題，可能迫使其提前展開領袖之爭，並暴露可能削弱該陣營的分歧。」"That could prove problematic for the centre-left, potentially forcing an early leadership contest and exposing divisions that could weaken the bloc," said Rado Fonda, of pollster SWG.

（安傑洛・阿曼特報導；克里斯皮安・巴爾默、艾丹・路易斯編輯）(Reporting by Angelo Amante; Editing by Crispian Balmer, Aidan Lewis)