美國稱美中貿易休兵延長，川普歡迎習近平到訪

作者：特雷弗・亨尼卡特By Trevor Hunnicutt

華盛頓9月23日（路透）——美國總統川普週三在華府歡迎中國國家主席習近平到訪，展開為期3天的訪問。這次訪問將考驗兩個超級大國之間的關係，目前雙方在貿易、科技、台灣與伊朗等議題上仍有緊張情勢。WASHINGTON, Sept 23 (Reuters) - US President Donald Trump welcomed Chinese President Xi Jinping to Washington on Wednesday for a three-day visit that will test relations between the superpowers as tensions simmer over trade, technology, Taiwan and Iran.

這是習近平近3年來首次訪美，外界原本不預期會有重大突破，但華府與北京可能延長已持續11個月的貿易休兵。Xi’s first trip to the US in nearly three years was not expected to deliver major breakthroughs, but Washington and Beijing could extend their 11-month trade truce.

財政部長貝森特表示，雙方已就延長休兵達成協議。川普在習近平抵達後親自前往馬里蘭州安德魯斯聯合基地迎接，凸顯此行的重要性。Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent said they had reached a deal on an extension, as Trump greeted Xi personally at Joint Base Andrews in Maryland after his arrival, underscoring the visit's importance.

中國駐美大使館暫未作出回應。China's embassy in Washington had no immediate comment.

在抵達儀式上，兩國領導人與夫人握手、交談數分鐘並合影，現場有軍樂隊演奏、禮砲鳴放，一架B-1軍用轟炸機也從上空飛越。At the arrival ceremony, the leaders and their wives shook hands, spoke for a few minutes and stood for pictures as a military band played, cannons blasted and a B-1 military bomber flew overhead.

追蹤總統活動的C-SPAN表示，這次歡迎儀式是11年來首次有美國總統在安德魯斯聯合基地迎接外國領袖。上一次類似接待是在2015年歐巴馬任內，當時接待的是教宗方濟各。The welcome marked the first time in 11 years that a US president has greeted a foreign leader at Joint Base Andrews, according to C-SPAN, which tracks presidential events. The last such reception was for Pope Francis in 2015 during Barack Obama's presidency.

習近平在中國大使館發布的書面聲明中表示：「中國和美國應該是夥伴，而不是對手。」聲明未提及貿易協議。"China and the United States should be partners, not rivals," Xi said in a written statement released by the Chinese embassy that made no reference to a trade deal.

貿易釋出正面訊號POSITIVE SIGNALS ON TRADE

即使只是一項有限的貿易協議，也可能安撫因2025年關稅戰而震盪的全球市場；當時這場關稅戰導致全球兩大經濟體之間互徵三位數關稅。貝森特在福斯新聞節目「特別報導」（Special Report）中表示，這項協議將把休兵延長至1月10日。休兵原定於11月10日到期。A trade deal, even a limited one, could soothe global markets shaken by a 2025 tariff war that led to triple-digit levies between the world’s two biggest economies. Bessent told Fox News' "Special Report" that the deal would extend the truce through January 10. It had been set to expire on November 10.

雙方仍存在深刻分歧。兩國在稀土礦物與電腦晶片出口管制、中國與伊朗的關係，以及美國支持台灣等議題上意見相左。Deep differences remain. The two countries are at odds on issues including export controls on rare-earth minerals and computer chips, China’s ties with Iran and US support for Taiwan.

這場會晤正值川普處境艱難之際，他對伊朗的戰爭引發民眾不滿。習近平雖然也面臨國內挑戰，但到訪時看似處於較強勢的位置，因為中國的貿易引擎正全速運轉。部分共和黨人將北京視為生存威脅，並對川普向中國執政的共產黨釋出友好姿態抱持戒心。The meeting comes at a difficult moment for Trump, who faces public discontent with his war on Iran. Xi, while also facing challenges at home, arrives in a seemingly stronger position, with his country's trade engine roaring. Some Republicans regard Beijing as an existential threat and are wary of Trump's friendly outreach to China's ruling Communist Party.

熟悉相關安排的人士表示，習近平可能會提出北京對台灣的主張，而這是華府傾向避免的議題；川普則可能不顧習近平反對，維持強硬的出口管制。目前尚不清楚北京是否會協助川普打破伊朗衝突的僵局。People familiar with the plans said Xi was likely to raise Beijing's claim to Taiwan, a topic Washington would prefer to avoid, while Trump was likely to maintain firm export controls over Xi’s objections. It was unclear whether Beijing would help Trump break a stalemate in the conflict with Iran.

不過，週四登場的會談仍可能促成協議，在特定產業降低關稅、合作打擊毒品走私，並擴大軍方對軍方的對話。知情人士表示，預料川普將尋求釋放部分被中國拘留的美國人及其他人士。But talks set for Thursday could nonetheless yield deals to lower tariffs in specific sectors, cooperate on drug trafficking and expand military-to-military dialogue. Trump is expected to seek the release of some Americans and others detained in China, according to the people.

兩國也可能同意就人工智慧展開更多對話；儘管相關風險日益升高，雙方在AI領域仍競爭激烈。The two countries could also agree to talk more on AI, where they are in fierce competition despite growing dangers.

分析人士表示，兩位領導人本身可能並不覺得有妥協的必要。The leaders themselves may not feel they need to compromise, analysts said.

曾任白宮官員、現任華府智庫戰略暨國際研究中心（Center for Strategic and International Studies）成員的卡根（Edgard Kagan）說：「總統非常相信，隨著時間推移，美國經濟將會成長，美國會變得更強。」他說：「我認為，當習近平與川普坐下來會談時，他非常相信美國正急速衰退，而且時間站在中國這邊。」"The president very much believes that over time the US economy is going to grow, the US will get stronger," said Edgard Kagan, a former White House official now with Washington's Center for Strategic and International Studies. "I think when Xi Jinping sits down with Donald Trump, he very much believes the US is in hurtling decline, and that time is on China's side."

國宴將有AI企業領袖出席STATE DINNER WITH AI CHIEFS

此行的其他隆重安排預計包括一場有科技界名人出席的國宴、白宮軍事儀式，以及參訪收藏《獨立宣言》和《憲法》原件的國家檔案館。Additional fanfare during the trip is due to include a state dinner with tech luminaries, a White House military ceremony and a visit to the National Archives where the original Declaration of Independence and Constitution are housed.

週四的國宴預計將聚集對兩國市場都至關重要的企業負責人，例如蘋果的庫克（Tim Cook）、輝達的黃仁勳（Jensen Huang）與OpenAI的阿特曼（Sam Altman）。The state dinner on Thursday is expected to bring together chiefs of companies important in both markets like Apple's Tim Cook, Nvidia's Jensen Huang and OpenAI's Sam Altman.

儘管雙方存在深刻分歧，兩國仍推進這場峰會；分析人士表示，峰會旨在展現全球最大工廠與最大消費者之間的穩定關係。Despite their deep disagreements, both countries pressed ahead with the summit, which, analysts said, seeks to project stability between the world’s biggest factory and its biggest consumer.

如同兩人自2025年以來前兩次會晤一樣，兩位領導人正規劃一場高度照本宣科的場面。預料雙方不會在會後舉行聯合記者會，而是各自發布公告，凸顯各自希望向國內受眾傳達的訊息。As in their prior two meetings since 2025, the leaders are planning a highly scripted spectacle. Instead of a joint press conference at the end, the countries are expected to issue dueling announcements highlighting what each side hopes to convey to domestic audiences.

對川普而言，此行為他一週外交活動畫下句點；這週外交行程始於他在紐約停留兩天，出席聯合國大會。與伊朗近7個月的戰爭已推升美國能源價格，而總統所屬的共和黨在11月國會選舉中的前景嚴峻。For Trump, the trip caps a week of diplomacy that began with a two-day stay in New York for the United Nations General Assembly. Nearly seven months of war with Iran have spiked energy prices in the US, and the president's Republican Party faces tough prospects in November’s congressional elections.

習近平主政下，中國貿易激增，但他面臨家庭消費疲弱與房地產市場下滑。軍方大規模反腐整肅有助於鞏固習近平的權力，但也引發外界對人民解放軍戰備狀態的疑問。Xi has overseen a surge in China's trade but faces weak household spending and a property-market downturn. Sweeping corruption crackdowns in the military have helped cement Xi’s power but also raised questions about the People's Liberation Army's readiness.

外界認為川普與習近平今年可能還會再度會面，地點可能是在11月於中國舉行的亞太經濟合作會議峰會，或12月在美國舉行的20國集團會議。Another meeting between Trump and Xi is seen as likely this year, potentially at November's Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation summit in China or the Group of 20 meetings in the US in December.

（特雷弗・亨尼卡特報導；雅各・博加奇、卡尼什卡・辛格、大衛・布倫斯特倫、李一謀與班・布蘭查德補充報導；唐・德菲、柯琳・詹金斯、辛西亞・奧斯特曼、阿利斯泰爾・貝爾、索納莉・保羅與麥可・佩里編輯）(Reporting by Trevor Hunnicutt; additional reporting by Jacob Bogage, Kanishka Singh, David Brunnstrom, Yimou Lee and Ben Blanchard; Editing by Don Durfee, Colleen Jenkins, Cynthia Osterman, Alistair Bell, Sonali Paul and Michael Perry)