美國曾草擬備忘錄譴責英國對約旦河西岸制裁，但從未發布

（在9月23日報導的第11至12段中，釐清川普已表達反對以色列併吞約旦河西岸）(In story from Sept 23, paragraphs 11-12, clarifies that Trump has expressed opposition to Israeli annexation of the West Bank)

胡梅拉・帕穆克與亞歷山大・康威爾報導By Humeyra Pamuk and Alexander Cornwell

華盛頓／耶路撒冷9月23日（路透社）——9月初，美國駐耶路撒冷與華盛頓官員準備了一份草擬聲明，署名為國務卿馬可・魯比歐，內容譴責英國、法國與加拿大計畫禁止自以色列在被占領約旦河西岸的屯墾區進口商品。WASHINGTON/JERUSALEM, Sept 23 (Reuters) - In early September, US officials in Jerusalem and Washington prepared a draft statement attributed to Secretary of State Marco Rubio condemning plans by the UK, France and Canada to block imports from Israeli settlements in the occupied West Bank.

這份日期為9月8日的文件此前未曾曝光。兩名消息人士表示，文件由大衛・米爾斯坦推動；米爾斯坦是美國駐以色列大使麥克・赫卡比身邊頗具影響力的幕僚。文件提議由魯比歐形容上述國家的行動，是一連串對以色列的敵意措施，助長反猶太主義。The September 8 dated document, previously unreported and which two sources said was driven by David Milstein, an influential aide to US Ambassador to Israel Mike Huckabee, proposed that Rubio describe the countries' actions as a series of hostile measures against Israel that contribute to antisemitism.

路透社查閱的這份草擬文件寫道：「這些手法令人無法接受地取材自反猶太的抵制、撤資與制裁運動操作模式。」"These tactics unacceptably draw from the playbook of the antisemitic boycotts, divestments and sanctions movement," the draft document, reviewed by Reuters, said.

這份聲明從未發布。The statement was never released.

三名知情人士表示，這份聲明未獲白宮與國務院高層支持。According to three people familiar with the matter, the statement was not supported by the White House and the State Department's senior leadership.

這些人士因事涉敏感，要求匿名。The people spoke on condition of anonymity.

相較之下，魯比歐9月8日在前往拉丁美洲前於佛羅里達州向記者談話時，並未直接批評這項決定或任何特定國家。Instead, speaking to reporters on September 8 in Florida before traveling to Latin America, Rubio refrained from outright criticism of the decision or any particular country.

魯比歐說：「顯然，我們不會照英國那樣做。我們今天看到了他們的宣布，但我現在對此沒有任何評論。」"Obviously, we’re not going to do what the UK did. We saw their announcement today, but I don’t have any comment on it right now," Rubio said.

這起事件顯示，對於如何因應以色列總理班雅明・納坦雅胡右翼政府擴大以色列屯墾區，白宮與川普派駐以色列的高階外交官之間分歧日益擴大。The episode illustrates a widening divide between the White House and Trump's senior diplomats in Israel about how best to respond to the expansion of Israeli settlements under Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's right-wing government.

這也凸顯美國右派內部對支持以色列的意識形態分裂日益加深。民調顯示，年輕共和黨人對華府在中東最親密盟友的看法愈來愈負面。It also highlights a growing ideological split within the American right over support for Israel, with polling showing younger Republicans holding an increasingly unfavorable opinion of Washington's closest Middle East ally.

美國總統唐納・川普已表達反對以色列併吞約旦河西岸；此事正日益成為以色列與阿拉伯鄰國摩擦的來源。不過，川普政府幾乎未對以色列施壓，要求其改變政策。President Donald Trump has expressed his opposition to Israeli annexation of the West Bank, a growing source of friction with Israel's Arab neighbors, but his administration has put little pressure on Israel to change its policy.

赫卡比是浸信會牧師，一直堅定支持屯墾區，並以《聖經》中的名稱「猶地亞與撒馬利亞」稱呼約旦河西岸。這是以色列政府使用的稱呼，但美國並未正式採用。Huckabee, a Baptist minister, has been a staunch supporter of settlements and refers to the West Bank by its biblical name, Judea and Samaria, a term used by the Israeli government but not formally adopted by the US.

赫卡比的幕僚米爾斯坦去年主張，美國應對整個國際刑事法院實施制裁，以說服該法院撤銷因加薩戰爭而對以色列領導人提出的戰爭罪指控；這項措施川普政府尚未採用。Huckabee's aide Milstein last year advocated that the US impose sanctions on the entire International Criminal Court to convince it to drop war crimes charges against Israeli leaders over the Gaza war - a measure the Trump administration has yet to deploy.

針對路透社提問，一名美國高級官員表示，這份草擬聲明並非與國務院或白宮協商後準備。In response to questions from Reuters, a senior US official said the draft statement was not prepared in consultation with the State Department or White House.

美國大使館將相關問題，包括請赫卡比與米爾斯坦回應的請求，轉交國務院處理。The US embassy referred questions, including requests for comment from Huckabee and Milstein, to the State Department.

白宮未回應採訪請求。The White House did not respond to a request for comment.

美國民眾對以色列的支持受到質疑US PUBLIC SUPPORT FOR ISRAEL QUESTIONED

自2023年加薩戰爭爆發以來，美國民眾對以色列的支持下降，民主黨人尤其明顯。昆尼皮亞克大學6月一項民調發現，48%的選民與66%的民主黨人認為美國過度支持以色列；2017年首次提出此問題時，這兩項比例分別為16%與20%。US public backing for Israel has fallen since the Gaza war began in 2023, particularly among Democrats. A June Quinnipiac University poll found 48% of voters and 66% of Democrats believe the United States is too supportive of Israel, up from 16% and 20% when the question was first asked in 2017.

皮尤研究中心3月底的民調顯示，雖然50歲以上共和黨人中有大多數對以色列持正面看法，但較年輕的美國保守派愈來愈批判以色列。18至49歲共和黨人中，約57%對以色列持負面看法，高於一年前的50%。While large majorities of Republicans aged 50 and older view Israel positively, younger conservative Americans have grown more critical, a Pew Research Center poll from late March showed. Some 57% of Republicans aged 18-49 have an unfavorable opinion of Israel, up from 50% a year previously.

去年12月，川普在與以色列領導人會晤後表示，他與納坦雅胡在約旦河西岸問題上並非完全一致；納坦雅胡政府已監督屯墾區快速擴張。同年9月，川普表示不會允許以色列併吞該領土。In December last year, Trump said that he and Netanyahu, whose government has overseen a rapid expansion of settlements, did not fully agree on the West Bank following a meeting with the Israeli leader. That September, Trump said he would not allow Israel to annex the territory.

自1967年阿以戰爭以來，以色列一直占領約旦河西岸。聯合國與多數國家認為，依據規範軍事占領的國際法，屯墾區屬非法。以色列否認這一點，認為該領土是爭議領土，而非被占領領土。Israel has occupied the West Bank since the 1967 Arab-Israeli War. The United Nations and most countries consider settlements to be illegal under international law governing military occupation. Israel rejects this, viewing the territory as disputed rather than occupied.

猶太屯墾者今年在該領土對巴勒斯坦人的暴力行為急遽增加，其中一些人因納坦雅胡右翼政府的支持而受到鼓舞；該政府包括本身就是屯墾者的部長。Violence by Jewish settlers against Palestinians in the territory has risen sharply this year, some of them emboldened by support from Netanyahu's right-wing government, which includes ministers who are themselves settlers.

赫卡比已公開譴責這些暴力行為，並呼籲起訴加害者。他也表示，暴力屯墾者只是少數，並不代表更廣大的屯墾者群體。Huckabee has publicly condemned the violence and called for perpetrators to be prosecuted. He has also said violent settlers were a minority and do not represent the wider settler community.

約50萬名以色列屯墾者與300萬名巴勒斯坦人住在約旦河西岸。巴勒斯坦人長期希望將約旦河西岸與加薩、東耶路撒冷一同納入未來國家版圖。Some 500,000 Israeli settlers and 3 million Palestinians live in the West Bank, territory Palestinians have long sought for a future state, along with Gaza and East Jerusalem.

（胡梅拉・帕穆克與亞歷山大・康威爾報導；Don Durfee、Rami Ayyub與Daniel Wallis編輯）(Reporting by Humeyra Pamuk and Alexander Cornwell; Editing by Don Durfee, Rami Ayyub and Daniel Wallis)