眾院通過葛蘭姆力推的俄羅斯制裁法案，送交川普簽署

帕翠西亞・曾格爾（Patricia Zengerle）報導By Patricia Zengerle

華盛頓，9月16日（路透）——美國眾議院週三通過一項範圍廣泛的制裁與關稅法案，旨在因俄羅斯入侵烏克蘭而加大對俄經濟壓力。法案已送交總統唐納・川普（Donald Trump）簽署成法；已故參議員林賽・葛蘭姆（Lindsey Graham）提出這項法案，距今將近一年半。WASHINGTON, Sept 16 (Reuters) - The U.S. House of Representatives on Wednesday passed a sweeping sanctions and tariff bill intended to increase economic pressure on Russia over its invasion of Ukraine, sending the bill to President Donald Trump to sign into law nearly 1-1/2 years after the late Senator Lindsey Graham introduced it.

這項法案現名為「2026年林賽・O・葛蘭姆制裁俄羅斯與伊朗法」（Lindsey O. Graham Sanctioning Russia and Iran Act of 2026），以紀念這位來自南卡羅來納州的共和黨人。參議院已於上月通過該法案。The bill, now called the "Lindsey O. Graham Sanctioning Russia and Iran Act of 2026" to honor the South Carolina Republican, passed the Senate last month.

眾議院以262票對159票通過法案；58名民主黨人違背黨領袖立場，與除7名共和黨人之外的所有共和黨議員一同投下贊成票。The House passed it by 262 to 159, as 58 Democrats broke with party leaders to join all but seven Republicans in favor.

這項立法鎖定俄羅斯的能源與國防產業，以及規避現行制裁的油輪「影子船隊」，目的是切斷莫斯科用於支付對烏克蘭戰爭開支的資金。The legislation targets Russia's energy and defense industries, as well as its "shadow fleet" of tankers that evade existing sanctions, in order to deprive Moscow of funds used to pay for its war with Ukraine.

法案也授權川普對中國、印度和其他國家課徵最高可達100%的高額關稅，以降低這些國家對俄羅斯石油與天然氣的依賴，並延長對伊朗的制裁，因此遭遇反彈。It faced pushback because it also authorizes Trump to impose stiff tariffs of up to 100% on China, India and other countries to reduce their dependence on Russian oil and gas, as well as to extend sanctions on Iran.

這是自川普重返白宮、其共和黨同僚於2025年1月掌控國會參眾兩院以來，國會通過的最重要烏克蘭相關立法。It is the most significant Ukraine-related legislation Congress has passed since Trump returned to the White House and his fellow Republicans took control of both houses of Congress in January 2025.

自葛蘭姆與數十名其他參議員於2025年4月提出這項法案以來，法案一直面臨相當大的反對。直到2026年7月，也就是葛蘭姆7月11日猝逝前數日，川普才允許國會共和黨領袖安排表決。And it had faced considerable opposition since Graham and dozens of other senators introduced it in April 2025. It took Trump until July 2026 — days before Graham's sudden death on July 11 — to allow Congress' Republican leaders to schedule a vote.

接替已故兄長參議員席次的共和黨參議員達琳・葛蘭姆（Darline Graham）在表決後的記者會上表示：「這對我意義重大，對林賽也意義重大。」"This means so much to me and it meant so much to Lindsey," Republican Senator Darline Graham, who was appointed to her late brother's seat, told a press conference after the vote.

俄羅斯於2022年2月全面入侵烏克蘭，雙方此後打起歐洲自第二次世界大戰以來傷亡最慘重的戰爭。Russia launched its full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, and the two sides have since waged the deadliest war in Europe since World War Two.

自2025年1月展開第二任期以來，川普通常傾向自行掌控關稅與制裁，而非與國會合作推動立法；關稅與制裁是他外交政策的核心工具。Since starting his second term in January 2025, Trump has generally favored keeping control over tariffs and sanctions, a central tool of his foreign policy, rather than working with Congress on legislation.

葛蘭姆法案上月在參議院以86票對11票通過，獲得強大的跨黨派支持。在此之前，烏克蘭總統弗拉迪米爾・澤倫斯基（Volodymyr Zelenskiy）曾會晤國會議員敦促通過法案，並罕見地坐在議場席位上觀看一場程序性表決。The Graham act passed the Senate last month by 86-11 with strong bipartisan support, after Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskiy met with lawmakers to urge its passage and took the unusual step of watching a procedural vote from a seat in the chamber.

民主黨內部分歧，澤倫斯基敦促通過DEMOCRATS DIVIDED, ZELENSKIY URGED PASSAGE

澤倫斯基本週在一次演說中重申支持這項法案，稱「讓它成為法律很重要。我要感謝世界各地支持這項做法、並知道力量能發揮作用的每一個人。」Zelenskiy reiterated his support for the bill in an address this week, saying it is "important that it becomes law. I thank everyone around the world who supports this approach and who knows that strength works."

近幾個月來，俄羅斯與烏克蘭相互攻擊基礎設施和其他經濟目標，意在阻礙對方的戰爭行動並打擊士氣。週三，俄羅斯無人機攻擊烏克蘭南部一輛客運巴士和一列火車，造成5人死亡。Russia and Ukraine have traded strikes in recent months on infrastructure and other economic targets, aimed at hampering each other's war effort and damaging morale. On Wednesday, Russian drones struck a passenger bus and a train in southern Ukraine, killing five people.

眾議院民主黨人反對這項法案，稱它賦予川普過多新的關稅權力，可能被他用來對付美國盟友。他們說，川普已經擁有對俄羅斯實施制裁所需的權限，只是選擇不這麼做。The bill faced opposition from House Democrats who said it gives Trump too many new tariff powers that he could use against U.S. allies. They say Trump already has the authority he needs to impose sanctions on Russia, but has chosen not to do so.

他們還說，這項法案讓川普只要宣稱實施制裁不符合國家利益，就能太容易地不實施制裁；相較多數制裁法案，這賦予總統廣泛得多的權力。They also say the bill makes it too easy for Trump not to impose sanctions by declaring that doing so is not in the national interest, a much broader presidential power than in most sanctions bills.

眾議院民主黨領袖哈基姆・傑佛瑞斯（Hakeem Jeffries）表示，這項立法有太多漏洞，可能不會適用會傷害俄羅斯的制裁。這位紐約州議員宣布將投下反對票時說：「這項立法將做的，是或許賦予唐納・川普不受限制的權力，對美國人民大舉祭出關稅。」House Democratic Leader Hakeem Jeffries said the legislation had so many loopholes that sanctions harming Russia might not be applied. "What this legislation will do is give Donald Trump, perhaps, unfettered authority to unleash tariffs on the American people," the New York lawmaker said as he announced he would vote no.

部分共和黨人先前擔憂，11月期中選舉前再加徵關稅、以及消費者物價可能上漲，會引發政治反彈；民調顯示，共和黨正艱難維持對眾議院的控制。Some Republicans had been concerned about political blowback against more tariffs and potentially higher consumer prices ahead of November's midterm elections, in which polls show the party struggling to keep control of the House.

但支持者表示，這項少見獲兩黨大幅支持而通過的法案，將向俄羅斯——也向全世界——傳達一項必要訊息：華盛頓持續支持烏克蘭，協助迫使莫斯科談判。But backers said the bill, a rare piece of legislation to pass with significant support from both parties, will send an essential message to Russia — and the world — that Washington continues to support Ukraine, helping to force Moscow to negotiate.

這項立法的主要提案人之一、德州共和黨眾議員麥可・麥考爾（Michael McCaul）在眾議院表決後的記者會上表示：「今天，我們距離實現林賽對烏克蘭及其他地區持久和平的願景，又更近了一步。」"Today, we are now one step closer to securing Lindsey's vision of enduring peace in Ukraine and beyond," Republican Representative Michael McCaul of Texas, a lead sponsor of the legislation, told the press conference after the House vote.

（帕翠西亞・曾格爾報導；Andy Sullivan、Bill Berkrot、Rod Nickel、Don Durfee、David Gregorio與Christopher Cushing編輯）(Reporting by Patricia Zengerle; Editing by Andy Sullivan, Bill Berkrot, Rod Nickel, Don Durfee, David Gregorio and Christopher Cushing)