解析：露西・萊比是誰？她的案件為何如此具爭議？

麥可・霍爾登報導By Michael Holden

倫敦，9月15日（路透社）—— 英國一項公開調查週二作出結論指出，若醫院管理階層更早對護理師露西・萊比採取行動，本可防止她殺害更多由她照護的嬰兒。LONDON, Sept 15 (Reuters) - A British public inquiry concluded on Tuesday that hospital managers could have prevented nurse Lucy Letby killing more babies in her care had they taken action against her sooner.

萊比在英格蘭北部切斯特伯爵夫人醫院（Countess of Chester Hospital, CoCH）任職期間，因被判定於2015年6月至2016年6月間殺害7名新生兒，並企圖謀殺另外8名新生兒，目前正服終身監禁。Letby is serving life in jail after being found guilty of murdering seven newborns and attempting to murder eight more between June 2015 and June 2016 while working at the Countess of Chester Hospital (CoCH) in northern England.

這些定罪使她成為英國現代史上最惡名昭彰的兒童連環殺手。她始終堅稱自己無罪；近年來，主張她是司法冤案受害者的聲浪也日益擴大。The convictions made her Britain's worst serial child killer of modern times. She has always maintained her innocence and in recent years there has been a growing campaign arguing she was a victim of a miscarriage of justice.

以下整理萊比本人、她的定罪爭議，以及公開調查的相關細節。Here are details about her, the controversy around her convictions and the public inquiry.

露西・萊比是誰？WHO IS LUCY LETBY?

現年36歲的萊比出生於英格蘭中部赫里福德。她在英格蘭西北部的切斯特大學完成護理學位，取得資格後開始在切斯特市切斯特伯爵夫人醫院的新生兒病房工作。Letby, 36, was born in Hereford in central England. She completed a nursing degree at Chester University in northwest England and after qualifying, she began to work in the neonatal unit of the city's Countess of Chester Hospital.

露西・萊比案是怎麼回事？WHAT IS THE LUCY LETBY CASE ABOUT?

自2015年1月起的18個月內，該新生兒病房中嬰兒死亡與出現嚴重生命徵象崩潰的案例大幅增加。Over 18 months from January 2015, there was a significant rise in the number of babies dying and suffering serious collapses at the neonatal unit.

許多嬰兒突然且出乎意料地惡化，隨後也未對適當的急救復甦產生反應，令資深醫師感到擔憂。另有一些嬰兒突然生命徵象崩潰但並未死亡，之後又恢復；無論是病情崩潰或恢復情形，都不符合一般醫療常規。Senior doctors became worried as many of the babies had deteriorated suddenly and unexpectedly, and then did not respond to appropriate resuscitation. Other babies, who suddenly collapsed and did not die, recovered, with both their collapse and recovery defying usual medical norms.

警方與醫療專家介入調查原因後，最終聚焦於一個共同因素——露西・萊比。The police and medical experts were called in and as they looked for a cause, they eventually focused on one common factor - Lucy Letby.

她於2018年7月首次被捕，之後又於2019年6月和2020年11月遭逮捕；2020年11月，她被控於2015年6月至2016年7月間謀殺7名嬰兒，並企圖殺害另外10名嬰兒。She was first arrested in July 2018, and then again in June 2019 and November 2020 when she was charged with murdering seven babies and attempting to kill another 10 between June 2015 and July 2016.

萊比被判定做了什麼？WHAT WAS LETBY CONVICTED OF DOING?

檢方表示，萊比攻擊了17名曾在該病房住院的嬰兒。據稱她曾以胰島素毒害其中一些嬰兒；她多數被控將空氣注入嬰兒血液或胃部，或餵給他們過量牛奶。Prosecutors said Letby attacked 17 babies who had been on the ward. Some she was said to have poisoned with insulin. Mostly she was accused of injecting air into their bloodstream or stomachs, or giving them excessive milk.

受害者包括雙胞胎和三胞胎；其中一案中，她連續兩天殺害了兩名手足。她謀殺的最年幼嬰兒才出生1天；最年長的是一名11週大的女嬰，萊比在她死亡前曾4度攻擊她。The victims included twins and triplets, and in one case, she killed two siblings on consecutive days. The youngest baby she murdered was just a day old. The oldest was 11 weeks old, a baby girl who she attacked four times before she died.

這些嬰兒雖然都是早產兒，但部分嬰兒在突然惡化前，被認為狀況尚可或良好；病情惡化主要發生在萊比值班的夜班時段。Although the babies had been born prematurely, some were regarded as being in reasonable or good condition before they suddenly deteriorated, mainly during night shifts when Letby was working.

檢方表示，萊比是在多名嬰兒的父母離開病床旁不久後攻擊他們。Letby attacked a number of the babies shortly after their parents had left their bedside, prosecutors said.

警方表示，她把醫療紀錄留存在家中，內容涉及部分相關嬰兒；她也曾在社群媒體搜尋這些嬰兒的父母與家人。Police said she had kept medical records at her home with reference to some of the babies involved and had also carried out social media searches for their parents and families.

她否認有任何不法行為，並將問題歸咎於該醫院病房環境不佳，以及在院內工作的醫師。She denied any wrongdoing and blamed poor conditions on the hospital unit and doctors working there.

2023年8月，她被判7項謀殺罪與7項企圖謀殺罪成立，並在2項企圖謀殺指控中獲判無罪；陪審團則未能就另外6起疑似攻擊達成一致裁決。She was convicted in August 2023 of seven murders and seven attempted killings and acquitted of two charges of attempted murder while jurors could not agree on six other suspected attacks.

隔年，她經重審後又被判定企圖謀殺另一名新生兒。警方表示，他們一直無法找出這些攻擊的動機。The following year she was convicted of trying to murder another newborn baby following a re-trial. Police said they had been unable to find a motive for the attacks.

瑟爾沃爾調查THE THIRLWALL INQUIRY

萊比被定罪後引發震驚，英國政府因此成立調查，檢視這些殺害行為如何未被發現，並審查醫院在萊比被捕前，對外界針對她提出的疑慮如何回應。Amid shock at her convictions, the British government set up an inquiry to examine how the killings went undetected, and review the hospital's response to concerns raised about Letby before her arrest.

調查主席凱薩琳・瑟爾沃爾（Kathryn Thirlwall）作出結論指出，該醫院在保護嬰兒方面「完全失敗」，若運作失靈的管理階層能更早針對相關疑慮採取行動，其中部分死亡本可避免。她曾表示，調查職權範圍並不包括檢視萊比是否有罪責。Its chair, Kathryn Thirlwall, concluded that there had been "complete failure" to protect babies at the hospital and some of the deaths could have been avoided if the dysfunctional management had acted sooner on concerns. She had said its remit was not to examine Letby's culpability.

露西・萊比是無辜的嗎？IS LUCY LETBY INNOCENT?

萊比始終堅稱自己無罪，表示她從未傷害，也不曾意圖傷害任何由她照護的孩童。Letby has always maintained her innocence, saying she never harmed or intended to harm any child in her care.

她已針對定罪提出一連串上訴，但全數遭法院駁回。She has launched a series of appeals against her convictions but these have all been rejected by the courts.

然而，自她被判有罪以來的3年間，主張她是司法冤案受害者的聲浪愈來愈大，特別是在網路上。However in the three years since she was found guilty there has been a growing campaign, particularly online, arguing that she was the victim of a miscarriage of justice.

一些醫學專家質疑她審判中的證據。其中一名專家、新生兒科醫師李樹教授（Professor Shoo Lee）表示，他的研究遭到誤用；他與其他國際專家也不認為有任何嬰兒遭到攻擊。Some medical specialists have queried the evidence given at her trial with one, neonatal doctor Professor Shoo Lee, saying his research had been misused and that he and other international experts did not believe any babies had been attacked.

他們表示，該醫院存在醫療錯誤與失職情形。They said there had been medical mistakes and failures at the hospital.

此案現已移交刑事案件審查委員會（Criminal Cases Review Commission），由該委員會考量她的定罪是否穩妥。目前尚無完成審查工作的時間表。The case has now been referred to the Criminal Cases Review Commission which is considering whether her convictions are safe. There is no timescale for it to conclude its work.

是否有更多受害者、更多警方調查？MORE VICTIMS, MORE POLICE INVESTIGATIONS?

萊比被定罪後，警方檢視了她在切斯特伯爵夫人醫院的職涯，以及她曾在其中接受部分訓練的利物浦婦女醫院（Liverpool Women's Hospital）經歷，以查明是否有證據顯示其他嬰兒曾遭攻擊。Since her convictions police carried out a review of Letby's career at the Countess of Chester Hospital and at the Liverpool Women's Hospital where she had spent part of her training to see if there was evidence other babies had been attacked.

今年1月，檢方表示不會提出任何新指控；警方則表示，這項決定令人失望。In January, prosecutors said they would not bring any new charges, a decision which police said was disappointing.

不過，針對切斯特伯爵夫人醫院管理人員的調查仍在進行中；去年7月，該院領導團隊3名高階成員因涉嫌重大過失殺人被捕。However, an investigation into the Countess of Chester Hospital's managers remains ongoing with three senior members of the leadership team arrested last July on suspicion of gross negligence manslaughter.

（麥可・霍爾登報導；亞歷珊卓・哈德森編輯）(Reporting by Michael HoldenEditing by Alexandra Hudson)