沙烏地輸油管遭襲後取消部分石油船貨，主要買家急尋替代來源

作者：Robert Harvey、Marek Strzelecki、Jonathan SaulBy Robert Harvey, Marek Strzelecki and Jonathan Saul

倫敦／華沙9月15日（路透）——交易消息人士告訴路透社，沙烏地阿拉伯通往紅海的關鍵出口輸油管線遭無人機攻擊受損後，已削減對歐洲的石油出貨，促使波蘭等主要客戶趕忙尋找替代來源；與此同時，船貨價格已升破每桶120美元。LONDON/WARSAW, Sept 15 (Reuters) - Saudi Arabia has cut oil shipments to Europe after drone attacks damaged its key export pipeline to the Red Sea, trade sources told Reuters, prompting top customers such as Poland to rush to seek alternatives as cargo prices topped $120 a barrel.

沙烏地阿拉伯將這些攻擊歸咎於伊拉克民兵。攻擊迫使沙國週五關閉橫越沙漠的東西向輸油管線；過去6個月荷姆茲海峽關閉期間，這條管線讓沙國免於遭受最嚴重衝擊。The attacks, which Saudi Arabia has blamed on Iraqi militia, forced the kingdom on Friday to shut its East-West desert oil pipeline, which has spared it from the worst of the impact of the closure of the Strait of Hormuz over the last six months.

石油交易與航運消息人士週二表示，沙烏地阿拉伯已通知歐洲客戶，部分9月裝船的原油船貨將被取消，紅海延布港的石油裝載也已暫停。Oil trading and shipping sources said on Tuesday that Saudi Arabia had informed European customers that some September-loading crude cargoes will be cancelled and oil loadings at the Red Sea port of Yanbu had been suspended.

沙烏地國營石油公司沙烏地阿美（Saudi Aramco）拒絕回應。State oil company Saudi Aramco declined to comment.

交易消息人士表示，沙烏地經由紅海的石油流量減少，將促使沙國嘗試透過荷姆茲海峽出口更多石油，並採用所謂的「暗船運輸」，類似阿拉伯聯合大公國和伊拉克已在使用的方式。The cut in Saudi flows through the Red Sea will prompt Saudi Arabia to try to export more oil via the Strait of Hormuz using so-called dark shipments similar to those already used by the United Arab Emirates and Iraq, trading sources said.

這類運輸方式已讓波斯灣產油國每日出口700萬至900萬桶石油，相當於戰前水準的30%至40%。Such shipments have allowed Gulf oil producers to export 7 million to 9 million barrels per day, which is 30% to 40% of pre-war volumes.

供應中斷支撐油價。倫敦證券交易所集團（LSEG）數據顯示，布蘭特原油期貨在每桶108美元附近交易，而歐洲現貨市場船貨價格更高，關鍵基準即期布蘭特約為每桶122美元。The supply disruption supported oil prices, with Brent oil futures trading near $108 a barrel and cargo prices in Europe's physical market even higher, with key benchmark dated Brent at around $122 per barrel, LSEG data showed.

Vortexa 數據顯示，沙烏地阿拉伯在9月7日至13日當週於拉斯塔努拉／朱艾瑪以12艘船裝載2,200萬桶石油，而前三週每週為6至7艘船。Saudi Arabia loaded 22 million barrels of oil across 12 vessels at Ras Tanura/ Juaymah in the week of September 7 to 13, as opposed to 6 to 7 vessels per week for the prior three weeks, data from Vortexa showed.

路透社無法立即確定將有多少運往歐洲的船貨會被取消，也無法確定延布的裝載作業將暫停多久。Reuters could not immediately determine how many cargoes to Europe would be cancelled or for how long Yanbu loadings would be suspended.

交易商稱，波蘭 Orlen 急尋替代來源POLAND'S ORLEN RUSHES TO FIND ALTERNATIVES, TRADERS SAY

5名業界消息人士表示，波蘭綜合石油公司 Orlen（PKN.WA）正趕忙尋找來自北海及更遠地區的原油船貨，以取代受影響的沙烏地進口原油。Polish integrated oil firm Orlen PKN.WA was rushing to find crude oil cargoes from the North Sea and further afield to replace disrupted Saudi imports, five industry sources said.

沙烏地阿美於2022年成為 Orlen 最大供應商，如今供應 Orlen 約40%的石油，協助其擺脫對俄羅斯石油的依賴，但也使其依賴這家沙烏地生產商。Aramco became Orlen's top supplier in 2022 and now supplies around 40% of its oil, helping wean it off Russian oil but making it reliant on the Saudi producer.

Orlen 拒絕評論特定商業交易的細節，但表示公司積極管理供應組合，以確保煉油資產不中斷運作。Orlen declined to comment on details of specific commercial transactions, but said it actively manages its supply portfolio to ensure the uninterrupted operation of its refining assets.

Orlen 發言人告訴路透社：「調整與優化採購量，是 Orlen 集團營運中標準且持續進行的一部分，取決於當前生產需求與不斷變化的市場情勢。」"Adjusting and optimising purchase volumes is a standard, ongoing part of the Orlen Group’s operations, driven by both current production needs and changing market conditions," an Orlen spokesperson told Reuters.

消息人士表示，Orlen 於週五和週一透過現貨標案購買了數批原油船貨。其中2人表示，該公司買進了 Grane、Johan Sverdrup 和 Johan Castberg 等北海油種。另有2名消息人士補充說，Orlen 也招標採購更遠地區的油種，包括美國 WTI Midland 原油和哈薩克 CPC Blend 原油。Orlen purchased several cargoes of crude oil in spot tenders on Friday and Monday, the sources said. It picked up North Sea grades including Grane, Johan Sverdrup and Johan Castberg, two said. It also tendered for grades further afield including U.S. WTI Midland and Kazakh CPC Blend, two sources added.

一名交易員表示，Orlen 週二又發布一項標案，採購10月交付的北海或阿爾及利亞原油，以及11月交付的蓋亞那原油，但結果遲遲未浮現。It issued another tender on Tuesday to buy North Sea or Algerian crude for October delivery and Guyanese crude for November delivery, one trader said, but results were slow to surface.

Orlen 及其子公司在波蘭、立陶宛和捷克經營煉油廠。Orlen and subsidiaries operate oil refineries in Poland, Lithuania, and the Czech Republic.

分析公司 Kpler 數據顯示，波蘭波羅的海港口格但斯克今年迄今接收約每日16萬桶沙烏地原油，立陶宛布廷格港則接收每日6.3萬桶。The Baltic port of Gdansk in Poland received around 160,000 bpd of Saudi crude this year to date, and Lithuania's Butinge received 63,000 bpd, data from analytics firm Kpler showed.

目前沒有關於這些標案的更多細節，也無法直接向交易對手確認結果。No further details on the tenders were available and the results could not be directly confirmed with the counterparties.

該公司發言人表示，送往 Orlen 煉油廠的原料交付正正常進行，未受干擾。Feedstock deliveries to Orlen refineries are proceeding without disruption, the company spokesperson said.

（Robert Harvey 倫敦、Marek Strzelecki 華沙、Arathy Somasekhar 休士頓報導；Susan Fenton、Alex Lawler、Alexander Smith 編輯）(Reporting by Robert Harvey in London and Marek Strzelecki in Warsaw, and Arathy Somasekhar in Houston; Editing by Susan Fenton, Alex Lawler and Alexander Smith)