AI領袖警告聯合國：隨著系統日益強大，安全風險升高

蜜雪兒・尼科爾斯、寇特妮・羅森和約翰・艾瑞許採訪報導By Michelle Nichols, Courtney Rozen and John Irish

聯合國，9月23日（路透）——全球領先的人工智慧公司週三向聯合國安全理事會警告，AI對人類構成風險，並呼籲各國政府共同合作，管理這項日益強大的科技。UNITED NATIONS, Sept 23 (Reuters) - The world's leading artificial intelligence companies warned the United Nations Security Council on Wednesday of the risks posed by AI to humanity, appealing for governments to work together to manage the increasingly powerful technology.

Anthropic執行長達里歐・阿莫迪告訴這個由15個成員組成、負責維護國際和平與安全的安理會，他認為，若管理不善，「AI可能對全人類構成風險」。Anthropic CEO Dario Amodei told the 15-member council, which is charged with maintaining international peace and security, that if managed poorly, he believed "AI could be a risk to humanity as a whole."

這場會議由法國在每年各國領袖齊聚的聯合國大會期間召集。會議舉行之際，外界正警告AI系統可能很快就能自我改進，並脫離人類控制。The meeting — convened by France during the annual UN General Assembly gathering of world leaders — comes amid warnings that AI systems could soon improve themselves and slip beyond human control.

阿莫迪說：「儘管在座各位有種種差異，我們都必須放下這些分歧，面對這個同時擺在我們面前的全球機會與全球威脅。沒有任何領袖、任何公司或任何國家能單獨處理這件事。」"For all the differences of the people in this room, we must put aside those differences in order to confront this global opportunity and global threat that is being presented to us at the same time. No leader, no company and no nation can manage this alone," Amodei said.

世界各國政府一直難以跟上人工智慧的快速進展。美國和中國是AI發展的兩大領先強權，兩國對監管採取了不同做法。Governments around the world have struggled to keep pace with rapid advances in artificial intelligence. The United States and China, the two leading powers in AI development, have taken different approaches to oversight.

美國總統唐納・川普主張，美國不需要針對AI制定新的專門規範；中國則已針對AI演算法和訓練資料制定規則，包括要求清楚標示AI生成內容。President Donald Trump has argued that the US does not need new AI-specific regulations, while China has imposed rules governing AI algorithms and training data, including requirements that AI-generated content be clearly labeled.

Hugging Face共同創辦人克雷芒・德朗格強調AI工具在抵禦網路攻擊中的作用，並舉例稱，美國巨擘OpenAI的AI代理程式曾在脫離測試環境後侵入Hugging Face的基礎設施。Hugging Face co-founder Clément Delangue highlighted the role of AI tools in defending against cyberattacks, citing an incident in which US giant OpenAI's AI agents breached Hugging Face's infrastructure after escaping their testing environment.

他告訴安理會：「我們遭到AI攻擊，但更重要的是，我們用AI保護了自己。」"We were attacked by AI, but more importantly, we defended ourselves with AI," he told the council.

安理會成員，包括AI領域主要競爭對手美國和中國，也預計將發言。Council members, including leading AI rivals the United States and China, were also set to speak.

德朗格說，Hugging Face仰賴一個中國AI模型協助抵禦OpenAI AI代理程式的攻擊，因為該模型面臨的限制少於同類美國工具。他的談話凸顯中國AI產品的影響力日增；這些產品之所以在全球取得使用者，部分原因是它們能提供成本較低的美國模型替代選項。Delangue said Hugging Face relied on a Chinese AI model to help defend against the attack by OpenAI's AI agents because it faced fewer restrictions than comparable US tools. His remarks underscored the growing presence of Chinese AI products, which have gained users globally in part because they can offer lower-cost alternatives to American models.

OpenAI執行長山姆・奧特曼表示，國際合作是必要的。OpenAI CEO Sam Altman said international cooperation was needed.

奧特曼告訴安理會：「如果AI要具備民主性，最重要的決策就不能只由舊金山的實驗室作出。這些決策必須透過民主程序，以及由對所服務人民負責的政府來塑造。」“If AI is to be democratic, the most important decisions cannot be made by labs in San Francisco alone. They must be shaped through democratic processes and by governments accountable to the people they serve," Altman told the council.

安理會開會同時，澳洲總理安東尼・艾班尼斯在紐約告訴記者，OpenAI開發的一個AI代理程式6月滲透澳洲政府網站，存取了公開與非公開檔案。As the council met, Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese told reporters in New York that an AI agent developed by OpenAI infiltrated an Australian government website in June, accessing public and non-public files.

美國對聯合國說：不能治理你不了解的科技US TO UN: YOU CANNOT GOVERN TECHNOLOGY YOU DON'T UNDERSTAND

加拿大學者約書亞・本吉歐（Yoshua Bengio）被視為「AI教父」之一，也是去年由聯合國大會成立的獨立國際科學小組（Independent International Scientific Panel）共同主席。他告訴安理會：「危險真實存在，而且迫在眉睫。」Yoshua Bengio, a Canadian considered one of the "Godfathers of AI" and co-chair of the Independent International Scientific Panel — created by the UN General Assembly last year — told the Security Council: "The dangers are real and imminent."

他說：「本安理會面對的是一項前所未有的威脅；沒有任何成員會選擇這項威脅，沒有任何成員能單獨遏制它，而它也不會尊重我們所捍衛的邊界。」"This council faces an unprecedented threat, one that none of its members would choose, that none can contain alone, and that does not respect the borders we defend," he said.

川普週二在聯合國大會告訴各國領袖，他「反對任何建構全球主義計畫來控制」AI的企圖。他形容這項科技令人驚嘆，但也指出美國會保持謹慎。Trump told world leaders at the UN General Assembly on Tuesday that he "rejects any attempt to construct a globalist scheme to control" AI, describing the technology as amazing but noting that the US would be careful.

白宮科技政策顧問麥可・克拉齊奧斯（Michael Kratsios）週三在聯合國安理會發言時呼應川普的說法。White House science and technology adviser Michael Kratsios echoed Trump in remarks to the UN Security Council on Wednesday.

他說：「你無法治理你不了解的科技。本會及其他類似機構應專注於分享最佳做法，以建立各國國內能力，而不是建立一套全球監管架構。」"You cannot govern technology you do not understand. This body and others like it should focus on sharing best practices to build domestic capacity, not establishing a global regulatory scheme," he said.

中國常駐聯合國代表傅聰表示，AI需要持續完善監管架構、緊急應變和跨境合作。China's UN Ambassador Fu Cong said continuous improvement of regulatory frameworks, emergency response, and cross-border cooperation on AI was needed.

他告訴安理會：「國際社會理應更密切合作，同等重視發展與安全，引導AI發展朝正向、向善、造福人類的方向前進。」"It is incumbent upon the international community to work more closely together, attach equal importance to development and security, and steer AI development for the positive, for good, and for humanity," he told the Security Council.

長期推動AI全球治理的聯合國祕書長安東尼歐・古特瑞斯（Antonio Guterres）曾警告，快速進展的人工智慧帶來不容忽視的風險，這使他與川普立場相左。UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres, who has long pushed for global governance of AI, has warned that rapidly advancing artificial intelligence poses risks that cannot be ignored, putting him at odds with Trump.

安理會2023年首次就AI風險開會，當時中國表示這項科技不應成為「脫韁野馬」，美國則警告不要利用AI審查或壓迫人民。時任美國國務卿安東尼・布林肯（Antony Blinken）2024年主持了一場安理會AI會議。The Security Council met for the first time on the risks of AI in 2023, when China said the technology should not become a "runaway horse" and the United States warned against its use to censor or repress people. Then-US Secretary of State Antony Blinken chaired a Security Council meeting on AI in 2024.

（蜜雪兒・尼科爾斯、約翰・艾瑞許和寇特妮・羅森採訪報導；霍華德・戈勒編輯）(Reporting by Michelle Nichols, John Irish and Courtney Rozen; Editing by Howard Goller)