科索沃前總統塔奇因戰爭罪遭判25年徒刑

史蒂芬妮・范登伯格與法托斯・比蒂奇報導By Stephanie van den Berg and Fatos Bytyci

海牙／普里斯蒂納，9月16日（路透社）—— 荷蘭海牙的科索沃戰爭罪行法庭週三裁定，科索沃前總統哈辛・塔奇犯下包括謀殺、酷刑和非法拘禁在內的戰爭罪。THE HAGUE/PRISTINA, Sept 16 (Reuters) - Former Kosovo President Hashim Thaci was found guilty of war crimes including murder, torture and illegal detention by the Kosovo war crimes tribunal in The Hague on Wednesday.

現年58歲的塔奇，因在1998至1999年科索沃以暴力脫離塞爾維亞期間，擔任阿爾巴尼亞裔科索沃解放軍（KLA）最高指揮官時犯下罪行，被判處25年徒刑。Thaci, 58, was sentenced to 25 years in prison for crimes committed as top commander of the ethnic Albanian Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) during the territory's violent break from Serbia in 1998-99.

這項裁決在科索沃與塞爾維亞都受到高度關注。這場衝突的遺緒，以及科索沃後來於2008年宣布獨立，仍是科索沃阿爾巴尼亞裔與塞爾維亞人之間的緊張來源。在科索沃，這項裁決被批評過於嚴苛；在海牙，塔奇支持者則一度與警方發生短暫衝突。The ruling was closely watched in Kosovo and Serbia, where the legacy of the conflict and Kosovo's later declaration of independence in 2008 remain a source of tension between ethnic Kosovo Albanians and Serbs. It was criticised as too harsh in Kosovo, while Thaci supporters briefly scuffled with police in The Hague.

法庭表示，塔奇被判定對科索沃解放軍部隊在衝突期間謀殺96名政治對手，以及被認為與塞爾維亞安全部隊合作的人士有罪。The tribunal said Thaci was guilty of the murder of 96 political opponents and perceived collaborators with Serbian security forces by Kosovo Liberation Army forces during the conflict.

他也因任意非法拘禁385人、對303人施以酷刑，以及殘酷對待49人而被定罪。法院並表示，犯罪發生當時，所有受害者都不是敵對行動的積極參與者。He was also convicted for the arbitrary illegal detention of 385 people, torture of 303 people and cruel treatment of 49 people. None of the victims were active participants in hostilities at the time the crimes were committed, the court added.

法庭指出，塔奇作為具有共同計畫的共同犯罪集團一員，積極參與並鼓勵犯罪。It said Thaci had actively participated in and encouraged crimes as part of a joint criminal enterprise with a common plan.

審判長查爾斯・史密斯說：「這項計畫既簡單又有害。具體而言，它包括：在科索沃解放軍控制的所有地區設立拘禁設施；找出被認為反對科索沃解放軍的人；逮捕並拘禁他們，必要時將他們殺害。」"The plan was as simple as it was harmful. In particular, it entailed: setting up detention facilities in all areas controlled by the KLA; identifying individuals perceived as opposing the KLA; and arresting and detaining them and, if necessary, killing them," presiding judge Charles Smith said.

他補充說，受害者被關押在不人道環境中，遭到毆打，被關在狹小牢房，且未獲得足夠食物或醫療照護。Victims were held in inhumane conditions, beaten, kept in tiny cells and not given enough food or medical care, he added.

塔奇在法官宣讀定罪與刑期時沉默站立；他先前否認所有指控。Thaci, who stood in silence as the judge read out the conviction and the sentence, had denied all charges.

他可以對判決提出上訴。He can appeal the verdict.

支持者聚集普里斯蒂納與海牙SUPPORTERS GATHER IN PRISTINA AND THE HAGUE

對許多科索沃阿爾巴尼亞裔而言，塔奇仍是備受尊崇的人物；而該法庭本身在科索沃極不受歡迎。Thaci remains a revered figure for many Kosovo Albanians, while the tribunal itself is deeply unpopular in Kosovo.

科索沃現任總理阿爾賓・庫爾蒂稱這項裁決是不可接受的不公。Kosovo's incumbent Prime Minister Albin Kurti called the ruling an unacceptable injustice.

他在聲明中說：「雖然這項判決在形式上可能是以科索沃人民之名宣告，但這種空洞公式絕不能與人民意志混為一談。」"While the verdict may have been formally pronounced in the name of the people of Kosovo, this hollow formula must not be conflated with the will of the people," he said in a statement.

這項裁決出爐之際，科索沃正處於艱難時刻；科索沃是歐洲最貧窮的國家之一。預料塔奇遭定罪將提振他的政治對手庫爾蒂，但也會使原本已分裂的科索沃國會更加碎片化。The ruling comes at a difficult time for Kosovo, one of Europe’s poorest countries. Thaci's conviction is expected to boost his political rival Kurti but also fragment Kosovo's already divided parliament.

政治分析家阿爾坦・穆哈吉里說：「政治危機現在可能延續，因為這項判決削弱了反對派。」「他們會把焦點放在這個議題上，將較少有空間與庫爾蒂對抗。」“The political crisis can continue now because the verdict weakens the opposition,” said political analyst Artan Muhaxhiri. “They will be focused on this issue and will have less space to fight Kurti.”

在海牙，數百名塔奇支持者試圖從聆聽判決即時音訊直播的地點步行前往法庭時，與警方爆發衝突。In The Hague, the scuffles broke out between several hundred Thaci supporters and police when demonstrators tried to walk to the tribunal from a location where they had been listening to an audio live stream of the judgement.

在科索沃首都普里斯蒂納，判決出爐後，數百名群眾穿越市區遊行，數十名鎮暴警察則部署在全城各處。In Pristina, Kosovo's capital, a crowd of hundreds marched across town following the verdict and dozens of riot police were stationed across the city.

曾是科索沃解放軍戰士、在普里斯蒂納市中心現身支持塔奇的拉伊夫・普拉納說：「這項判決可恥。從今天起，科索沃將不會有和平。」"This verdict is shameful. From today, there will be no peace in Kosovo," said Raif Pllana, a former KLA fighter who came out in support of Thaci in central Pristina.

然而在貝爾格勒，塞爾維亞人批評這項判決過於寬鬆。Yet in Belgrade, Serbs criticised the judgement as too lenient.

居民弗拉迪米爾・耶萊尼奇說：「這太可恥了。我不認為塞爾維亞人的處境有被納入考量。」"It’s disgraceful. I don’t think the Serbs were taken into account at all," said resident Vladimir Jelenic.

檢方要求判刑45年PROSECUTORS DEMANDED 45-YEAR SENTENCE

檢方先前要求對塔奇及另外3名前科索沃解放軍最高指揮官判處45年徒刑。Prosecutors had sought a 45-year sentence against Thaci and three other former top commanders of the KLA.

但由3名法官組成的合議庭駁回6項危害人類罪指控。他們表示，檢方未能證明這些罪行是作為針對整體平民人口的廣泛或有系統攻擊的一部分而發生。But the three-judge panel dismissed six charges of crimes against humanity. They said prosecutors had failed to show these happened as part of widespread or systematic attacks against the civilian population as a whole.

塔奇的律師主張，這些指控毫無根據，等同企圖改寫歷史。Lawyers for Thaci had argued that the accusations were unfounded and amounted to an attempt to rewrite history.

設於海牙的科索沃特別法庭，是在國際壓力下於2015年成立，負責審判前科索沃解放軍戰士涉嫌在戰時與戰後犯下的罪行。The Hague-based Kosovo Specialist Chambers was established in 2015 under international pressure to try former KLA fighters for alleged wartime and post-war crimes.

（海牙史蒂芬妮・范登伯格與普里斯蒂納法托斯・比蒂奇報導，瑪塔・菲奧林補充報導；安東尼・多伊奇撰稿；羅斯・羅素、理查德・勞夫、亞歷山卓・哈德森編輯）(Reporting by Stephanie van den Berg in The Hague and Fatos Bytyci in Pristina, additional reporting by Marta Fiorin; Writing by Anthony Deutsch; Editing by Ros Russell, Richard Lough, Alexandra Hudson )