委內瑞拉羅德里格斯承諾在邁向「全面民主」的過渡中舉行選舉

瑪麗安娜・帕拉加、薇薇安・塞克拉與安東尼・埃斯波西托報導By Marianna Parraga, Vivian Sequera and Anthony Esposito

紐約／卡拉卡斯，9月23日（路透社）——委內瑞拉臨時總統德爾茜・羅德里格斯週三在聯合國大會表示，委內瑞拉將舉行選舉，作為邁向「全面民主」過渡的一部分，但她沒有提出具體投票日期。NEW YORK/CARACAS, Sept 23 (Reuters) - Venezuela's interim President Delcy Rodriguez told the UN General Assembly on Wednesday that the country would hold elections as part of a transition to "full democracy," but did not give a specific date for the vote.

羅德里格斯說：「我想在本屆大會上非常明確地表示：委內瑞拉將會舉行選舉。」她是在美軍今年1月一次突襲行動中逮捕時任總統尼古拉斯・馬杜洛（Nicolas Maduro）後掌權。"I want to make this very clear at this General Assembly: there will be elections in Venezuela," said Rodriguez, who came to power after American forces captured then-President Nicolas Maduro in a January raid.

羅德里格斯表示，政府已和反對派展開會談，並將確保所有政治勢力參與。她補充說，國家機構正為選舉程序做準備。Rodriguez said the government had initiated talks with the opposition and would guarantee the participation of all political forces. She added that national institutions were being prepared for the electoral process.

羅德里格斯說：「委內瑞拉已啟動民主轉型的重生進程，這是一個有序、制度化且可驗證的進程，目標是打造一個對所有人而言更自由、更繁榮，也更與自身和解的國家。」"Venezuela has initiated a process of democratic transformation for its rebirth, an orderly, institutional, and verifiable process, to build a country that is freer for all, more prosperous, and more reconciled with itself," said Rodriguez.

委內瑞拉與美國當局先前都強調有必要舉行選舉，但目前尚未設定日期，甚至連暫定日期也沒有。反對派認為，選出具自主性的最高法院與全國選舉委員會，是召集此類選舉的必要條件。Venezuelan and US authorities have previously emphasized the need for an election, yet no date — not even a tentative one — has been set. The opposition views the selection of an autonomous Supreme Court and National Electoral Council as essential for calling such elections.

反對派之門開啟DOOR OPENING FOR THE OPPOSITION

批評人士表示，華府已將委內瑞拉反對派邊緣化，放棄要求自由選舉，轉而尋求與臨時政府達成石油與投資協議。Critics say Washington has sidelined the Venezuelan opposition, dropping demands for free elections in favor of oil and investment deals with the interim government.

部分美國國會議員也呼籲舉行選舉，外界並批評川普政府未能從羅德里格斯政府取得有意義的民主讓步。Some US lawmakers have also called for elections, amid criticism that the Trump administration has failed to extract meaningful democratic concessions from Rodriguez's government.

羅德里格斯說：「我們已和反對派團體展開政治對話，目標是推動一個各方條件平等的進程。」"We have opened a political dialogue with opposition groups aimed at a process with equal conditions for all," said Rodriguez.

不過，委內瑞拉最具代表性的反對派領袖、諾貝爾和平獎得主瑪麗亞・科琳娜・馬查多（Maria Corina Machado），明顯未參與會談。Still, Venezuela's most prominent opposition leader, Nobel Peace Prize winner Maria Corina Machado, has been noticeably absent from talks.

馬查多的團隊與媒體週二表示，她自2024年一場具爭議的總統選舉後，多數時間都躲藏生活；去年底她離開委內瑞拉前往領取諾貝爾獎後，已遭阻止返回委內瑞拉。Machado, who left Venezuela late last year to receive her Nobel after living mostly in hiding since a contested 2024 presidential election, has been blocked from returning to Venezuela, her team and media said on Tuesday.

馬查多誓言返回委內瑞拉，協助因應6月造成嚴重災情的雙強震，這讓認為現在時機不對的美國官員感到挫折。She has vowed to return to Venezuela to help with the response to June's devastating twin earthquakes, frustrating US officials who believe it is not the right time.

馬查多的政治委員會Comando ConVzla在X上表示，馬查多已7次遭阻止返回委內瑞拉，「飛機被迫轉向，巴拿馬航空（Copa Airlines）等航空公司受到威脅，海上船隻遭破壞，鄰近島嶼也被施壓拒絕降落」。Machado has been blocked seven times from returning to Venezuela, "as planes have been forced to divert, airlines such as Copa Airlines have been threatened, maritime vessels sabotaged, and neighboring islands pressured to deny landings," Comando ConVzla, Machado's political committee, said on X.

國際危機組織（International Crisis Group）資深分析師菲爾・岡森（Phil Gunson）稱羅德里格斯的承諾是「顯而易見的陳述」。他指出，雖然憲法規定2030年必須投票，但政府並未承諾反對派所要求的2027年時間表。Phil Gunson, senior analyst at the International Crisis Group, called Rodriguez's pledge a "statement of the obvious." He noted that while the constitution mandates a 2030 vote, the government has not committed to the 2027 timeline sought by the opposition.

岡森說：「雖然她談到選舉時表示所有人都會在平等條件下競爭，但她沒有處理這個事實：許多政治人物，包括反對派領袖瑪麗亞・科琳娜・馬查多，仍被禁止參選。」"Although she spoke of elections in which everyone would compete on equal terms, she did not address the fact that many politicians, including opposition leader Maria Corina Machado, are still barred from standing," Gunson said.

邁向全面民主MARCHING TOWARDS FULL DEMOCRACY

羅德里格斯週二在聯合國大會場邊與美國總統唐納・川普（Donald Trump）短暫會面，並稱讚他重啟與委內瑞拉的對話。Rodriguez briefly met with US President Donald Trump on the sidelines of the UN General Assembly on Tuesday and praised him for restarting dialogue with Venezuela.

美國國務卿馬可・魯比歐（Marco Rubio）表示，川普與羅德里格斯討論重整這個南美國家數十億美元主權債務，美方並敦促政治變革。Trump and Rodriguez discussed restructuring the South American nation's billions of dollars in sovereign debt and Washington pressed for political change, said US Secretary of State Marco Rubio.

魯比歐說：「我們提出了這一點：到最後，這項計畫若要成功，就要以一場自由且公平的選舉作為終點。」"We made that point that in the end, for this project to be successful, it culminates in a free and fair election," Rubio said.

美國表示，委內瑞拉必須先穩定局勢並實現經濟復甦，之後才能舉行選舉。The United States has said Venezuela must first stabilize and recover economically before elections can take place.

羅德里格斯說：「現在是打造許多人都想回來的國家的時候。」但她也提醒，經濟復甦「需要時間」。"This is the time to build the nation that many people want to return to," Rodriguez said, but cautioned that economic recovery "will take time."

羅德里格斯請求國際社會支持委內瑞拉，協助其從「不確定與衝突的階段，邁向由本國人民與世界承認的全面民主階段」。Rodriguez asked for the support of the international community as Venezuela moves from "a stage of uncertainty and conflict toward a stage of full democracy, recognized by its own people and the world."

（安東尼・埃斯波西托與瑪麗安娜・帕拉加紐約報導；薇薇安・塞克拉與黛西・布伊特拉戈卡拉卡斯報導；凱莉・馬德里與克拉倫斯・費南德斯編輯）(Reporting by Anthony Esposito and Marianna Parraga in New York and Vivian Sequera and Deisy Buitrago in Caracas; Editing by Kylie Madry and Clarence Fernandez)