CBO：美國對伊朗戰爭成本達380億美元，預估每月再增30億美元

記者雅各布・博蓋奇By Jacob Bogage

華盛頓，9月15日（路透）——美國對伊朗開戰已6個月，至今已耗費380億美元，且預估每月將增加30億美元。美國國會的無黨派預算評估機構週二公布上述數字；與此同時，川普政府正尋求結束衝突並重新開放關鍵的荷姆茲海峽。WASHINGTON, Sept 15 (Reuters) - The six-month-old U.S. war against Iran has cost $38 billion so far and that amount is projected to rise by $3 billion a month, Congress' nonpartisan bookkeeper reported on Tuesday, as the Trump administration searches for ways to end the conflict and reopen the vital Strait of Hormuz.

根據美國國會預算辦公室（Congressional Budget Office，CBO）的估算，這場戰爭預料將使2027年前3個月的通膨增加0.5%。這項統計涵蓋截至8月1日的支出。The war is expected to increase inflation by 0.5% in the first three months of 2027, according to the Congressional Budget Office accounting, which totaled expenses through August 1.

不斷攀升的成本已使美國彈藥庫存承壓，並推高能源價格，引發外界對美國因應其他潛在衝突能力的疑慮，也讓原已吃緊的聯邦預算面臨更大壓力。The mounting costs have strained U.S. munitions stockpiles and driven up energy prices, raising concerns about the country's ability to respond to other potential conflicts and adding pressure on an already stretched federal budget.

這項成本接近國防部長皮特・赫格塞斯（Pete Hegseth）7月21日在參議院聽證會上通報的375億美元。The cost was close to the $37.5 billion that Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth reported at a Senate hearing on July 21.

預算辦公室表示，大多數成本來自彈藥快速消耗，並估計美國可能需要5年才能補足庫存。路透8月報導，美國在這場戰爭中已使用「幾乎所有」長程精準飛彈。The budget office said the majority of the costs stem from the rapid drawdown of munitions, estimating that it could take five years to replenish U.S. stockpiles. Reuters reported in August that the U.S. had used "virtually all" of its long-range precision missiles during the war.

CBO通報指出，美國國防部未配合國會財務稽核人員。The Department of Defense did not cooperate with congressional financial auditors, CBO reported.

白宮發言人安娜・凱利（Anna Kelly）形容總統唐納・川普（Donald Trump）對伊朗發動的攻擊，是為防止德黑蘭傷害美國人員或利益而採取的「果斷行動」。她在聲明中表示，美軍擁有「遠超所需的彈藥、軍火與庫存，足以服務總司令所有戰略目標，甚至更多」。White House spokeswoman Anna Kelly described President Donald Trump's attacks on Iran as "decisive action" to prevent Tehran from harming U.S. personnel or interests. She said in a statement that the U.S. military has "more than enough munitions, ammo, and stockpiles to serve all of the Commander-in-Chief’s strategic goals and beyond.”

五角大廈首席發言人肖恩・帕內爾（Sean Parnell）駁斥報告中關於彈藥短缺的發現，並表示：「我們擁有在總統選定的時間與地點發動打擊所需的一切。」Chief Pentagon spokesperson Sean Parnell disputed the report's findings of munitions shortages and said, "We have everything required to strike at the time and place of the president’s choosing."

這項成本調查是應美國眾議院預算委員會民主黨首席議員、賓州眾議員布蘭登・波義耳（Brendan Boyle）要求進行。The cost inquiry was conducted at the request of the top Democrat on the U.S. House of Representatives Budget Committee, Brendan Boyle of Pennsylvania.

波義耳在聲明中表示：「唐納・川普在伊朗發動的災難性戰爭，已奪走勇敢美國軍人的生命，也使其他軍人受傷。」“Donald Trump’s disastrous war in Iran has already taken the lives of brave American servicemembers and left others wounded," Boyle said in a statement.

「除了這些人命代價之外，這份無黨派的CBO報告清楚顯示，這場戰爭也已讓美國納稅人付出數百億美元，而且金額仍在增加，同時持續推高成本。」"Beyond that human toll, this nonpartisan CBO report makes clear that the war has also cost American taxpayers tens of billions of dollars and counting, while continuing to drive up costs."

已有18名美國軍人在伊朗戰爭中喪生。Eighteen U.S. military service members have died in the Iran war.

這份報告未納入近期荷姆茲海峽商船遭攻擊，以及區內美軍設施遭攻擊的成本。報告也未計入為戰爭融資所衍生的借貸支出；這可能使總成本再增加數百億美元。The report did not include costs of recent strikes on commercial vessels in the Strait of Hormuz and attacks on U.S. military installations in the region. It also did not factor in the borrowing expenses associated with financing the war, which could add tens of billions of dollars to the total cost.

對美國戰備的影響IMPACT ON US READINESS

CBO的估算發現，這場戰爭可能對美國防衛態勢與國內經濟造成廣泛影響。The CBO accounting found the war could have sprawling consequences for the U.S. defense posture and the domestic economy.

CBO表示，飛彈攔截器等關鍵彈藥短缺，恐妨礙五角大廈在發生另一場重大衝突時的因應能力，例如可能涉及中國與台灣的敵對行動。The deficit in critical munitions, including missile interceptors, risks hampering the Pentagon's response in the event of another major conflict, such as potential hostilities involving China and Taiwan, CBO said.

赫格塞斯在7月參議院聽證會上呼籲提供近900億美元緊急資金，以補充彈藥供應。At the July hearing in the Senate, Hegseth pleaded for nearly $90 billion in emergency funding to restock munitions supplies.

赫格塞斯說：「若沒有這些資金，我們將面臨關鍵短缺。」“Without these funds, we face critical shortfalls,” Hegseth said.

五角大廈監察長本週通報，伊朗已損壞或摧毀美國在中東基地的數百棟建物，以及包括戰鬥機、加油機與無人機在內的軍機。The Pentagon’s inspector general reported this week that Iran had damaged or destroyed hundreds of buildings on U.S. bases in the Middle East as well as aircraft including fighter jets, refueling planes and drones.

監察長將截至6月19日的戰爭成本估為334億美元，並表示該金額包含伊朗攻擊對美國外交設施造成的約1.84億美元損害。It put the war cost through June 19 at $33.4 billion, saying the amount included about $184 million in damages to U.S. diplomatic facilities from Iranian strikes.

荷姆茲海峽遭攻擊——戰前全球約20%的石油經由這條狹窄水道運輸——以及鄰近波斯灣國家能源設施遭攻擊所引發的能源衝擊，已大幅推高消費者與全球生產者面臨的價格。Energy shocks caused by attacks in the Strait of Hormuz — the narrow waterway through which roughly 20% of the world's oil traveled before the war — and on energy facilities in neighboring Gulf countries have sharply increased prices for consumers and global producers.

戰爭成本上升也恐對日益惡化的美國財政健康構成壓力。美國公共債務總額8月已突破40兆美元。The rising cost of the war also threatens to weigh on deteriorating U.S. fiscal health. The nation's total public debt surpassed $40 trillion in August.

川普經常拿伊朗戰爭與2001年9月11日攻擊事件後美國入侵伊拉克與阿富汗相比。Trump regularly contrasts the Iran war with the U.S. invasions of Iraq and Afghanistan that followed the September 11, 2001, attacks.

路透報導，美國在伊拉克歷時8年的戰爭，在最高峰時投入超過10萬名地面部隊，耗資2兆美元。根據布朗大學「戰爭成本」（Costs of War）計畫，美國在阿富汗長達20年的衝突，在最激烈時同樣投入超過10萬名兵力，耗資2.3兆美元。The eight-year U.S. war in Iraq, which involved more than 100,000 ground troops at its peak, cost $2 trillion, Reuters reported. The two-decade-long U.S. conflict in Afghanistan, which also involved more than 100,000 troops at its most intense, cost $2.3 trillion, according to Brown University's Costs of War project.

（雅各布・博蓋奇報導；伊德里斯・阿里補充報導；柯琳・詹金斯、唐・德菲與辛西亞・奧斯特曼編輯）(Reporting by Jacob Bogage; Additional reporting by Idrees Ali; Editing by Colleen Jenkins, Don Durfee and Cynthia Osterman)