提格雷領導人稱與衣索比亞政府的新戰爭已經開始

9月23日（路透）— 衣索比亞一名高階官員表示，來自衣索比亞北部提格雷州的部隊週三對聯邦政府發動重大攻勢，打破了已維持4年的和平協議，並威脅引發更廣泛的區域衝突。Sept 23 (Reuters) - Forces from the northern Ethiopian region of Tigray launched a major offensive against the federal government on Wednesday, a senior Ethiopian official said, shattering a four-year-old peace deal and threatening a wider regional conflict.

提格雷領導人在聲明中表示，他們已進入一場「防衛性」戰爭，以反制聯邦政府的侵略。Tigray's leaders said in a statement they had entered a "defensive" war to counter aggression by the federal government.

提格雷人民解放陣線（Tigray People's Liberation Front, TPLF）與聯邦部隊之間的內戰於2020年爆發，在非洲聯盟斡旋下簽署的普利托利亞協議於2022年11月完成簽署前，已造成數十萬人死亡。A civil war that began in 2020 between the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) and federal forces resulted in hundreds of thousands of deaths before the Pretoria Agreement, brokered by the African Union, was signed in November 2022.

新一波敵對行動發生前，雙方敵意已持續數月升高；週日，TPLF宣布已與衣索比亞境內另外6個武裝團體結盟，目標是推翻總理阿比・艾哈邁德（Abiy Ahmed）的政府，使緊張情勢達到高點。The new hostilities follow months of growing animosity between the two sides, capped by Sunday's announcement that the TPLF had formed an alliance with six other armed groups from across Ethiopia aimed at overthrowing Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed's government.

TPLF領導的地方行政當局表示，阿比政府針對提格雷人民「透過各種方式進行的入侵已加劇」。The TPLF-led regional administration said there had been an "intensification of the invasion conducted through various methods" by Abiy's government against the people of Tigray.

該行政當局在聲明中表示：「提格雷部隊已奉命反制攻擊，並已進入防衛性戰爭。」"The Tigray Forces have been instructed to counter the attack and have entered a defensive war," it said in a statement.

阿比的顧問、前TPLF官員格塔丘・雷達（Getachew Reda）在X上寫道，TPLF已奪取提格雷境內由聯邦控制的機場，並對鄰近的阿法爾州與阿姆哈拉州政府陣地發動「全面攻勢」。Getachew Reda, an adviser to Abiy and a former TPLF official, wrote on X that the TPLF had seized control of federally controlled airports in Tigray and launched an "all-out offensive" against government positions in the neighbouring regions of Afar and Amhara.

他表示：「TPLF的政治軍事領導層顯然把不負責任推升到新的高度。」"The TPLF politico-military leadership has obviously taken irresponsibility to new heights," he said.

衣索比亞航空暫停飛往該地區的航班。Ethiopian Airlines suspended flights to the region.

擔憂戰事擴大FEARS OF A WIDER WAR

阿比、聯邦政府及TPLF的發言人週三均未回應採訪請求。Spokespeople for Abiy, the federal government and the TPLF did not respond to requests for comment on Wednesday.

非洲聯盟委員會主席馬哈茂德・阿里・優素福（Mahmoud Ali Youssouf）敦促交戰各方立即降低緊張並舉行直接談判，也呼籲鄰國不要促使情勢進一步升高。The chair of the African Union Commission, Mahmoud Ali Youssouf, urged the warring parties to immediately de-escalate tensions and hold direct talks, and called on neighbouring countries not to contribute to further escalation.

美國駐衣索比亞大使厄文・J・馬辛加（Ervin J. Massinga）指控TPLF領導層「投入一場無法獲勝的戰鬥」，並呼籲展開政治對話。美國國務院已於6月對TPLF領導層實施制裁。The US ambassador to Ethiopia, Ervin J. Massinga, accused the TPLF leadership, which had sanctions imposed on it by the US State Department in June, of "engaging in an unwinnable fight" and called for political dialogue.

區域外交官與分析人士數月來警告，提格雷衝突若重新爆發，可能迅速升級為更大規模戰爭，與鄰國蘇丹的戰事交疊，並進一步動盪本已不穩的紅海地區。Regional diplomats and analysts have warned for months that a resumption of the conflict in Tigray could quickly escalate into a wider war, overlapping with fighting in neighbouring Sudan and further roiling the volatile Red Sea region.

蘇丹2023年爆發內戰，已將非洲之角以外的強權國家捲入其中，並造成聯合國所稱全球最大的人道危機。A civil war that broke out in 2023 in Sudan has drawn in powerful states from outside the Horn of Africa and created what the UN describes as the world's largest humanitarian crisis.

在2020年至2022年的提格雷戰爭中，衣索比亞的鄰國與歷史對手厄利垂亞曾在軍事上支持衣索比亞政府對抗TPLF，但兩國關係此後已惡化。In the 2020-2022 Tigray war, Ethiopia's neighbour and historical adversary Eritrea backed the government militarily against the TPLF, but relations between the two countries have soured since then.

阿比的發言人比琳・塞尤姆（Billene Seyoum）週一表示，新近宣布的聯盟成員在厄利垂亞財務支持下已合作一段時間。Abiy's spokesperson, Billene Seyoum, said on Monday members of the newly announced alliance had been collaborating for a while with Eritrea's financial backing.

厄利垂亞否認支持衣索比亞武裝團體的指控。厄利垂亞資訊部長週三拒絕評論最新發展。Eritrea has denied accusations it supports Ethiopian armed groups. Its information minister declined comment on Wednesday about the latest developments.

武裝團體與TPLF站在同一陣線ARMED GROUPS SIDE WITH TPLF

一名衣索比亞政府高階官員、一名外交消息人士、一名人道援助消息人士，以及另一名與TPLF和法諾（Fano）有聯繫的消息人士表示，在阿法爾，提格雷部隊正與當地一個武裝團體並肩作戰；在阿姆哈拉，提格雷部隊則與法諾民兵並肩作戰。In Afar, Tigrayan forces were fighting alongside a local armed group, and in Amhara, they were fighting alongside the Fano militia, said a senior Ethiopian government official, a diplomatic source, a humanitarian source and another source with links to the TPLF and Fano.

法諾在2020年至2022年戰爭期間站在聯邦政府一方，但2023年起兵反抗聯邦政府，持續至今的叛亂已造成數千人死亡。法諾是與TPLF新結盟的成員之一。Fano sided with the federal government during the 2020-2022 war, but rose up against it in 2023 in an ongoing insurgency that has resulted in thousands of deaths. It is a member of the new alliance with the TPLF.

阿法爾地方政府週三指控TPLF發動入侵，並表示阿法爾部隊將與盟友協調自衛。The regional government in Afar accused the TPLF on Wednesday of launching an invasion and said Afari forces would defend themselves in coordination with their allies.

在阿姆哈拉，兩名居民告訴路透社，聯邦部隊正從拉利貝拉鎮一處營地發射重武器；該鎮以可追溯至12至13世紀的岩鑿教堂聞名。In Amhara, federal forces were firing heavy weapons from a camp in the town of Lalibela, whose rock-hewn churches date back to the 12th and 13th centuries, two residents told Reuters.

這兩名居民表示，火力目標是距離該鎮約50公里（30英里）外、正在推進的法諾部隊。The firing targeted advancing Fano forces some 50 km (30 miles) outside the town, the residents said.

戰鬥的整體規模與強度尚不清楚。政治分析人士、前阿比親密盟友賈瓦爾・穆罕默德（Jawar Mohammed）表示，聯邦政府正限制交戰程度，試圖向國際社會證明TPLF是挑起事端的一方。The wider scale and intensity of the fighting were not clear. Jawar Mohammed, a political analyst and formerly a close ally of Abiy, said the federal government was limiting its engagement to try to prove to the international community that the TPLF was the instigator.

風險情報公司Verisk Maplecroft非洲資深分析師愛德華・巴赫（Edward Bach）表示，由於擁有大量無人機庫存，加上TPLF內部分裂，聯邦政府的戰術地位比2020年更強。The federal government is in a tactically stronger position than in 2020 because of its large stocks of drones and divisions within the TPLF, said Edward Bach, Senior Africa Analyst at risk intelligence company Verisk Maplecroft.

提格雷尚未從2020年至2022年戰爭造成的人道代價中復原；那場戰爭使數十萬人陷入饑荒狀態。聯合國難民署表示，截至2月，仍約有75萬名提格雷人在境內流離失所，該地區也面臨與聖嬰現象有關的乾旱。Tigray is yet to recover from the humanitarian toll of the 2020-2022 war, which pushed hundreds of thousands into famine conditions. Around 750,000 Tigrayans were still internally displaced as of February, according to the UN refugee agency, and the region faces drought linked to El Nino.

根據武裝衝突地點與事件資料計畫（Armed Conflict Location & Event Data project）的資料，衣索比亞軍方近幾個月已對提格雷部隊發動多次無人機攻擊。聯邦政府尚未對任何據報的攻擊發表評論。The Ethiopian military has carried out several drone strikes against Tigrayan forces in recent months, according to data from the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data project. The federal government has not commented on any of the reported strikes.

（Vincent Mumo Nzilani、Aaron Ross、Giulia Paravicini與Ammu Kannampilly報導；Ros Russell與Aidan Lewis編輯）(Reporting by Vincent Mumo Nzilani, Aaron Ross, Giulia Paravicini and Ammu Kannampilly; Editing by Ros Russell and Aidan Lewis)