印尼野火與霾害令人窒息，婆羅洲呼吸道問題惡化

（更正：將署名中姓名拼寫由「Goenawan」修正為「Gunawan」。內文未更動）(Fix spelling of name in byline to 'Gunawan' from 'Goenawan'. No change in text)

約翰・普爾諾莫、索普里亞迪・古納萬報導By Johan Purnomo and Soepriyadi Gunawan

路透印尼坤甸9月16日電——印尼家庭主婦米米・瑪麗娜騎著機車，穿過籠罩婆羅洲島坤甸市、愈來愈濃的霾害，出門採買雜貨和用品；這個東南亞國家正與猛烈森林大火搏鬥。PONTIANAK, Indonesia, Sept 16 (Reuters) - Indonesian housewife Mimi Marlina rode a motorbike through thickening haze blanketing the city of Pontianak on Borneo island, making a foray to buy groceries and supplies as the Southeast Asian nation battles raging forest fires.

45歲的米米戴著口罩，她是兩個孩子的母親，孩子們正受咳嗽、喉嚨痛到發燒等呼吸道問題所苦。她說：「我們還可以靠藥撐著，但我擔心如果情況持續下去，會引發更嚴重的疾病。」"We can still hold it off with medicines, but I'm concerned that if this persists, it will lead to worse illnesses," said the masked 45-year-old mother of two children who are battling respiratory problems, from coughing and sore throats to fever.

坤甸所在的婆羅洲西加里曼丹省，是印尼11年來最嚴重野火中受創最深的地區之一；「超級聖嬰」天氣條件推升氣溫，並造成嚴重乾旱。The province of West Kalimantan on Borneo, home to Pontianak, is one of the areas worst hit by Indonesia's most intense wildfires in 11 years as "super-El Niño" weather conditions drive up temperatures and cause punishing droughts.

米米說，儘管戴著口罩，在大範圍霾害與污染飆升之下，她自己也呼吸吃力；這些污染常使空氣品質達到危害等級。Despite wearing a mask, Mimi said she herself was labouring for breath in the widespread haze and pollution spikes, which often push air quality to hazardous levels.

志工正在該省逐戶發放維生氧氣鋼瓶，給呼吸困難的居民與消防人員；這項行動名為「Rumah Oksigen」，意為「氧氣之家」。Volunteers are going door-to-door in the province, handing out cylinders of life-giving oxygen to residents and firefighters struggling to breathe, in a campaign called "Rumah Oksigen", or Oxygen House.

鄰近的新加坡與馬來西亞空氣也轉為不健康AIR TURNS UNHEALTHY IN NEIGHBOURS SINGAPORE AND MALAYSIA

跨境煙霧也使鄰近的新加坡與馬來西亞空氣變得不健康。在東南亞潮濕天氣中，這類煙霧常被稱為霾害，混合了為農耕整地而燃燒產生的煙、煤灰與微小懸浮粒子。The air has also turned unhealthy in neighbouring Singapore and Malaysia because of the transboundary smog, often called haze in Southeast Asia's humid weather, for a mix of smoke from clearing land for farming, soot and tiny suspended particles.

坤甸一間公共衛生診所負責人波龐・索利哈特說：「由於火災，呼吸道疾病病例的就診人次正在上升。」"Visits for respiratory illness cases are on the rise due to the fires," said Popong Solihat, head of a public health clinic in Pontianak.

印尼衛生部資料顯示，在印尼婆羅洲與蘇門答臘兩座島的7個省份，已有超過1,250萬人暴露於火災造成的霾害中。More than 12.5 million people have been exposed to haze caused by fires across seven provinces on Indonesia's islands of Borneo and Sumatra, health ministry data shows.

截至9月9日，這些省份因野火相關呼吸道疾病所苦的人數已增至11萬3336人，較9月1日的5萬891人增加逾一倍。The numbers battling wildfire-related respiratory illnesses in those provinces have more than doubled to 113,336 by September 9, versus 50,891 on September 1.

索利哈特的診所在9月前11天治療了187起呼吸困難病例，相較之下，整個8月為422起。他補充說：「而現在每天就診人次可能在80到120之間。」In the first 11 days of September, Solihat's clinic treated 187 cases of breathing difficulties, compared to 422 for all of August. "And the daily visits now could range between 80 and 120," he added.

發放氧氣鋼瓶OXYGEN CYLINDERS HANDED OUT

古布拉亞縣的蘇麗亞娜是收到氧氣鋼瓶的人之一；她說，隨著空氣品質惡化，她的健康也變差。Among those who received oxygen cylinders is Suriana in the district of Kubu Raya, who said her health had deteriorated as air quality worsened.

54歲的蘇麗亞娜和許多印尼人一樣只使用單名。她說：「我接觸到煙霧時常覺得喘不過氣。現在情況似乎愈來愈糟，尤其是早晨和傍晚霾害最嚴重的時候。」"I often feel short of breath when exposed to the smoke," said the 54-year-old, who goes by one name, as many Indonesians do. "It seems to be getting worse now, particularly in the mornings and evenings, when the haze is at its strongest."

歐盟哥白尼氣候監測服務的「火災排放觀測」（Fire Emissions Watch）入口網站表示，截至9月7日當週，印尼排放1,970萬公噸，占全球總量逾三分之一。Indonesia's emissions of 19.7 million metric tons during the week to September 7 made up more than a third of the global total, says the Fire Emissions Watch portal of the European Union's Copernicus climate monitoring service.

政府資料顯示，今年1月至7月，火災延燒20萬2000公頃（近50萬英畝）土地。環保團體YKAN估計，8月又有60萬公頃（140萬英畝）土地遭火災破壞。From January to July this year, fires raged across 202,000 hectares (almost 500,000 acres) of land, government data showed. Environmental group YKAN has estimated that fire damaged 600,000 hectares (1.4 million acres) more in August.

印尼已加強滅火工作，出動50多架飛機向火場灑水，並進行人工增雨以帶來降雨；日本上週也派出3架CH-47契努克直升機和180名機組及相關人員協助。Indonesia has stepped up fire-fighting efforts, sending more than 50 aircraft to drop water on the flames and engage in cloud seeding to bring rain, while Japan sent three CH-47 Chinook and 180 crew last week to help.

（約翰・普爾諾莫、索普里亞迪・古納萬報導；新加坡Xinghui Kok補充報導；弗蘭西絲卡・南戈伊、札赫拉・馬塔拉尼撰稿；克拉倫斯・費南德茲編輯）(Reporting by Johan Purnomo, Soepriyadi Gunawan; Additional reporting by Xinghui Kok in Singapore Writing by Fransiska Nangoy, Zahra Matarani; Editing by Clarence Fernandez)