歐洲國家警告俄羅斯破壞行動升高，但認為北約不會立即遭攻擊

約翰・艾里許與湯姆・巴姆福斯報導By John Irish and Tom Balmforth

聯合國，9月23日（路透社）——歐洲多國部長表示，俄羅斯正在歐洲各地加強破壞、網路攻擊及其他混合攻擊，以削弱外界對烏克蘭的支持；但他們也淡化外界對莫斯科有能力直接攻擊北約的疑慮。UNITED NATIONS, Sept 23 (Reuters) - Russia is intensifying sabotage, cyberattacks and other hybrid attacks across Europe to undermine support for Ukraine, European ministers said, while dismissing concerns that Moscow is capable of launching a direct assault on NATO.

北約東翼國家官員本週在聯合國大會場邊表示，莫斯科越來越常透過無人機侵入、網路攻擊、破壞行動及其他祕密行動製造恐懼，測試西方決心，並削弱對基輔的支持。Speaking on the sidelines of the UN General Assembly this week, officials from countries on NATO's eastern flank said Moscow was increasingly using drone incursions, cyberattacks, sabotage and other covert operations to sow fear, test Western resolve and weaken backing for Kyiv.

歐盟外交和安全政策高級代表卡雅・卡拉斯告訴記者：「歐洲正面臨破壞攻擊與領空侵犯快速擴散。莫斯科試圖嚇阻歐洲，迫使歐洲減少對烏克蘭的支持。」"Europe faces a fast proliferation of sabotage attacks and airspace violations," EU foreign policy chief Kaja Kallas told reporters. "Moscow is trying to scare Europe into winding down its support for Ukraine."

歐洲各國政府越來越認為，俄羅斯最迫在眉睫的威脅並非傳統軍事攻擊，而是一場祕密且可否認的行動攻勢；隨著戰爭持續，這些行動意在擾亂烏克蘭盟友，並侵蝕西方團結。European governments increasingly see Russia's most immediate threat not as a conventional military attack, but as a campaign of covert and deniable actions aimed at unsettling Ukraine's allies and eroding Western unity as the war drags on.

卡拉斯表示，俄羅斯似乎願意承擔更大風險，並主張應透過更嚴厲制裁加大對莫斯科的壓力，包括鎖定其「影子艦隊」與軍工複合體的措施。Kallas said Russia appeared willing to take greater risks and argued the answer was to increase pressure on Moscow through tougher sanctions, including measures targeting its "shadow fleet" and military-industrial complex.

她說：「俄羅斯經濟是其最脆弱的一環，我們需要加大對它的壓力，讓他們停止這場戰爭。」"Russia's economy is one of its weakest parts, and we need to increase the pressure on it so that they would stop this war," she said.

波蘭外交部長拉多斯瓦夫・席科斯基（Radoslaw Sikorski）表示，這類活動已不再只是威脅。Polish Foreign Minister Radoslaw Sikorski said such activity was no longer merely a threat.

席科斯基向路透社表示：「這些不只是威脅，而是真正的攻擊。」他列舉縱火、爆炸、無人機侵入，以及華沙所稱一起蓄意以巡弋飛彈侵犯其領土的事件。"They're not just threats; they're actual attacks," Sikorski told Reuters, citing arson, explosions, drone incursions and what Warsaw says was a deliberate cruise missile violation of its territory.

波蘭軍方作戰司令部週三表示，一架俄羅斯軍用Mi-8直升機曾從俄羅斯飛地加里寧格勒短暫侵入波蘭領空。The Polish Army Operational Command said on ⁠Wednesday a Russian military Mi-8 ‌helicopter made a brief incursion into its airspace from the Russian exclave of Kaliningrad.

他說：「我們的F-16戰機現在幾乎每天都會緊急升空，因為你永遠不知道這些接近的無人機或飛彈，是否真的不會構成威脅。」"Our F-16s are scrambled up almost every day now because you just never know when these drones or missiles that approach might not actually be possible," he said.

羅馬尼亞外交部長歐安娜・托尤（Oana Toiu）告訴路透社，隨著俄羅斯加強攻擊多瑙河和黑海附近的烏克蘭基礎設施，布加勒斯特已發現逾100起無人機或無人機殘骸侵入其領土的情況。Romanian Foreign Minister Oana Toiu told Reuters Bucharest had seen more than 100 incursions by drones or drone fragments onto its territory as Russia intensified attacks on Ukrainian infrastructure near the Danube and Black Sea.

她說：「我們沒有資料顯示我們遭到直接鎖定，但這不會改變俄羅斯對其製造風險所應負的責任。」"We do not have data to indicate we're targeted directly, but that doesn't change the responsibility of Russia for the risk it creates," she said.

她補充說，羅馬尼亞已關閉俄羅斯駐康斯坦察領事館，並與歐洲盟友協調外交措施作為回應。Romania has responded by closing Russia's consulate in Constanta and coordinating diplomatic measures with European allies, she added.

克里姆林宮一貫否認在北約國家進行破壞行動，或策劃任何對抗。The Kremlin consistently denies conducting sabotage operations ⁠in NATO countries or plotting any confrontation.

北約不會立即遭攻擊NO IMMINENT NATO ATTACK

儘管發生這些事件，各國部長仍區分俄羅斯的祕密行動攻勢與其直接攻擊北約領土的可能性。Despite the incidents, ministers drew a distinction between Russia's covert campaign and the prospect of a direct attack on NATO territory.

愛沙尼亞外交部長馬古斯・察赫克納（Margus Tsahkna）告訴路透社，關於俄羅斯即將攻擊北約的危言聳聽預測並不恰當。Estonian Foreign Minister Margus Tsahkna told Reuters alarmist predictions of an imminent Russian assault on the alliance were misplaced.

他說：「我們並未看到俄羅斯有能力，甚至正在準備對北約或歐洲國家發動某種主動軍事侵略。」他並主張，在俄軍仍深陷烏克蘭之際，莫斯科缺乏進行這類行動的能力。"We don’t see that Russia is able and even preparing for some kind of active military aggression against NATO or the European countries," he said, arguing Moscow lacked the capabilities for such an operation while its forces remained heavily engaged in Ukraine.

他表示，莫斯科的行動主要是為了在西方社會內部製造恐懼與分裂。He said Moscow's campaign was designed primarily to create fear and divisions within Western societies.

察赫克納說：「這主要是為了製造恐懼、對升級的恐懼，藉此分化我們、玩弄我們的團結。」他並稱：「最主要的訊息是：不要讓普丁玩弄對升級的恐懼。」他指的是俄羅斯總統普丁（Vladimir Putin）。"This is mainly meant for creating fear, fear of escalation, to divide us, to play with our unity," Tsahkna said. "The main message is: Don't let Putin play with the fear of escalation," he said, referring to Russian President Vladimir Putin.

立陶宛外交部長凱斯圖蒂斯・布德里斯（Kestutis Budrys）表示，盟國情報顯示，俄羅斯可能試圖透過攻擊關鍵基礎設施及其他形式的混合活動，擴大對北約國家的壓力。Lithuanian Foreign Minister Kestutis Budrys said allied intelligence pointed to a risk that Russia could seek to broaden pressure on NATO countries through attacks on critical infrastructure and other forms of hybrid activity.

布德里斯告訴路透社：「俄方有一些考量，試圖以所謂橫向或地理上的方式升高局勢。」"There are some considerations on the Russian side to escalate horizontally, so to say, or geographically," Budrys told Reuters.

各國部長表示，反制這類手法的最佳方式，是保持團結、嚇阻並持續支持烏克蘭；尤其在冬季來臨前，外界預期俄羅斯將加強攻擊能源基礎設施。The ministers said the best way to counter such tactics was through unity, deterrence and continued support for Ukraine, particularly ahead of winter, when Russia is expected to intensify attacks on energy infrastructure.

布德里斯警告，「俄羅斯將把寒冷武器化」，並敦促歐洲國家提供更多援助，主張歐盟各國之間的支持仍不均衡。Budrys warned that "the cold will be weaponized by Russia" and urged European countries to provide more assistance, arguing support remained patchy across the bloc.

數名部長主張，堅定回應已展現成效。察赫克納指出，在盟國對先前事件作出強烈反應後，北約東翼嚴重的俄羅斯領空侵犯事件大幅減少。Several ministers argued that firm responses had already shown results. Tsahkna pointed to the sharp reduction in serious Russian airspace violations on NATO's eastern flank following a strong allied reaction to previous incidents.

他說：「普丁正在仔細觀察。我們有許多籌碼，但我們就是需要有自信，並清楚表明我們的立場。」"Putin is carefully watching," he said. "We have lots of leverage, but we just need to have self-confidence and be clear about our language."

（約翰・艾里許與湯姆・巴姆福斯報導；霍華德・戈勒編輯）(Reporting by John Irish and Tom Balmforth; Editing by Howard Goller)