美國調查 Comma.ai：車禍據稱與售後加裝駕駛輔助裝置有關

作者：大衛・謝帕森By David Shepardson

路透華盛頓9月23日電——美國國家公路交通安全管理局（NHTSA）週三表示，該局正在調查新創公司 Comma.ai。先前有報告指出，使用該公司售後加裝駕駛輔助裝置的車輛發生5起車禍，據報造成3人死亡、11人重傷。WASHINGTON, Sept 23 (Reuters) - The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration said Wednesday it is investigating startup Comma.ai after reports of five crashes of vehicles using its aftermarket driver-assistance devices involving three reported deaths and 11 serious injuries.

NHTSA表示，據報搭載 Comma 裝置的車輛撞上5輛停止或低速行駛的車輛。Comma.ai表示，這些使用開放原始碼軟體的裝置可讓駕駛免手握方向盤行車，並稱已有超過3萬輛車使用這些裝置，累計行駛4.02億英里。NHTSA said vehicles with Comma devices reportedly struck five stopped or slow-moving vehicles. Comma.ai says the devices that use open source software can allow for hands-free driving and reports more than 30,000 vehicles have logged 402 million miles with the devices.

Comma.ai表示，該系統「可以加速、針對其他車輛自動煞車，並轉向以沿著道路／車道行駛」。The system "can accelerate, brake automatically for other vehicles, and steer to follow the road/lane," Comma.ai says.

記者暫時無法取得該公司回應，但其網站表示，公司要求「駕駛人保持警覺、注意路況，並隨時準備接手」。The company could not immediately be reached for comment but says on its website that it requires "the driver to be alert, pay attention, and be ready to take over at all times."

NHTSA表示，將審查涉及 Comma.ai 裝置的其他任何事件，並取得資料，以核實每起事件的系統狀態，評估系統性能與防護機制。NHTSA said it will review any other incidents involving the Comma.ai devices and obtain data to verify system status for each incident and evaluate system performance and safeguards.

2016年，NHTSA要求 Comma.ai 向監管機關提出證明，顯示其擬用於自動駕駛汽車的裝置是安全的，否則其銷售可能遭到阻止。In 2016, NHTSA demanded that Comma.ai provide proof to regulators that its proposed device for self-driving cars would be safe, or risk having its sale blocked.

該公司當時回應表示，正將重心轉向「其他產品與市場」。加州機動車輛管理局也在2016年向 Comma.ai 發出停止並禁止函。The company at the time said in response it was redirecting its efforts to "other products and markets." The California Department of Motor Vehicles had also in 2016 sent Comma.ai a cease-and-desist letter.

NHTSA與美國國家運輸安全委員會（NTSB）已多次調查嚴重車禍，這些事故涉及搭載先進駕駛輔助系統的車輛未能辨識高速公路上停止或低速行駛的車輛。NHTSA and the National Transportation Safety Board have repeatedly investigated serious crashes involving failures of vehicles with advanced driver assistance systems to identify stopped or slow vehicles on highways.

今年3月，NTSB批評福特汽車（Ford Motor）的免手握方向盤先進駕駛輔助系統 BlueCruise，未能在駕駛人涉入兩起致命碰撞事故前，確保他們沒有分心。In March, the NTSB criticized Ford Motor's hands-free advanced driver assistance system BlueCruise for ‌failing to ensure drivers were not distracted before they were involved in two fatal collisions.

這兩輛福特休旅車分別在聖安東尼奧與費城以高速公路車速撞上靜止車輛，共造成3人死亡；兩名福特駕駛人都沒有試圖煞車。The Ford SUVs struck stationary vehicles at highway speeds in San Antonio and Philadelphia, killing three people in total, and there was no attempt to brake by either Ford driver.

2023年，NHTSA在確認十多起特斯拉車輛撞上靜止緊急救援車輛的事故後展開調查；之後，特斯拉在美國召回逾200萬輛車，以更有效確保駕駛人在使用其 Autopilot 駕駛輔助系統時保持注意力。In 2023, Tesla recalled over 2 million vehicles in the US to better ensure drivers pay attention when using its Autopilot driver assistance system after NHTSA opened a probe after identifying more than a dozen crashes in which Tesla vehicles hit stationary emergency vehicles.

（大衛・謝帕森報導；尼克・齊明斯基、亞歷珊卓・哈德森編輯）(Reporting by David Shepardson, Editing by Nick Zieminski, Alexandra Hudson)