烏克蘭提議明年國防支出創新高，戰爭成本攀升

奧蓮娜・哈爾馬什（Olena Harmash）報導By Olena Harmash

基輔，9月16日（路透社）——官員週三表示，隨著與俄羅斯之間已進入第五年的戰爭成本上升，且烏克蘭需要夥伴提供更多財務支持，烏克蘭正提議將2027年國防支出提高至創紀錄水準。KYIV, Sept 16 (Reuters) - Ukraine is proposing record defence spending for 2027 as the cost of the war with Russia, now in its fifth year, rises and the country needs more financial support from its partners, officials said on Wednesday.

2027年國防支出預計將達4.89兆格里夫納（1,100億美元），較今年增加12%。週三提交國會的2027年預算草案總支出為7.27兆格里夫納，國防支出約占其中三分之二。Defence spending is expected to hit 4.89 trillion hryvnias ($110 billion) in 2027, 12% higher than this year. It accounted for about two-thirds of the total spending in a draft 2027 budget of 7.27 trillion hryvnias presented to parliament on Wednesday.

預算收入預估為5.6兆格里夫納。Budget revenues are forecast at 5.6 trillion hryvnias.

國會預算委員會主席羅克索拉娜・皮德拉薩（Roksolana Pidlasa）對議員表示：「這是全面戰爭以來的第六份預算，而且又比前一份更大。這些年來，戰爭變得更加昂貴。」"This is the sixth budget of the full-scale war, and it's again bigger than the previous one. During these years, the war has become more expensive," said Roksolana Pidlasa, head of the parliamentary budget committee told lawmakers.

她說：「與此同時，國家收入……並未以與支出增加相同的速度成長。」"At the same time, state revenues … are not growing at the same pace as spending is increasing."

皮德拉薩表示，今年戰爭的每日成本已升至1.9億美元，相較之下，2022年俄羅斯入侵初期為1.16億美元。The daily cost of the war has risen to $190 million this year compared with $116 million in 2022 at the start of Russia's invasion, Pidlasa said.

財政部長馬爾琴科對國會表示，烏克蘭明年將需要超過520億美元的國際財務援助。Finance Minister Sergii Marchenko said told parliament that Ukraine would require more than $52 billion in international financial aid next year.

他說，總統佛洛迪米爾・澤倫斯基（Volodymyr Zelenskiy）政府已取得夥伴承諾，將支應約200億美元，目前正就如何填補剩餘金額進行談判。President Volodymyr Zelenskiy's government has secured commitments from partners to cover around $20 billion and was in talks on how to cover the remaining amount, he said.

馬爾琴科表示，遭烏克蘭歐洲盟友凍結的俄羅斯資產，可能成為填補2027年預算缺口的關鍵來源。Marchenko said that Russian assets frozen by Ukraine's European allies could become a key source to cover the budget gap in 2027.

議員有至10月1日的時間審查預算草案並提出建議。這項支出計畫必須在12月1日前經國會三讀通過。Lawmakers have until October 1 to review the draft budget and submit their proposals. The spending plan must be passed by parliament in three readings by December 1.

烏克蘭財政情勢更加複雜UKRAINE'S FINANCIAL SITUATION MORE COMPLICATED

財政部長表示，隨著俄羅斯加強攻擊烏克蘭企業與基礎設施，烏克蘭今年的財政情勢正變得更加複雜。Ukraine's financial situation was getting more complicated this year as Russia intensified its strikes on Ukrainian businesses and infrastructure, the finance minister said.

馬爾琴科表示，隨著損害擴大，預算收入已開始下滑，但同時烏克蘭武裝部隊需要更多資金。目前烏克蘭今年國防支出仍有270億美元的額外缺口尚未獲得資金挹注，該國正尋求提高軍人薪資，並進一步增加武器生產。As the damages has grown, budget revenues have started falling, but at the same time the Ukrainian armed forces have required more funds, Marchenko said. Currently, Ukraine faces an unfunded additional gap for its defence spending of $27 billion this year as the country seeks to increase army wages and further increase its weapons production.

在戰爭較早的幾年，烏克蘭以自身收入支應國防需求，並仰賴外國財務援助來支付社會與人道支出。During the earlier years of the war, Ukraine covered its defence needs with its own revenues and relied on foreign financial aid to finance its social and humanitarian spending.

自入侵開始以來，烏克蘭已從外國夥伴獲得約1,980億美元財政援助，其中大部分由歐盟提供。Since the start of the invasion, Ukraine has received about $198 billion in fiscal aid from its foreign partners with the EU providing the bulk.

但為確保夥伴資金順利到位，基輔需要在戰時挑戰下推動稅務與治理改革，並符合多項財務與預算要求。But to ensure smooth financing from partners, Kyiv needs to push through tax and governance reforms, and meet a number of financial and budget requirements despite wartime challenges.

週三，國會一讀通過對外國包裹課稅的法案，朝滿足國際貨幣基金與歐盟釋出資金的一項關鍵條件更進一步。On Wednesday, parliament passed a bill to impose taxes on foreign parcels in the first reading, moving closer to satisfying one of the key conditions to unlock funds from the International Monetary Fund and the European Union.

馬爾琴科表示：「國會推進兩項重要的稅務與海關改革，使烏克蘭的電子商務架構更接近歐盟標準，強化財政韌性，並支持烏克蘭企業享有更公平的競爭環境。」"Parliament advanced two essential tax and customs reforms that bring Ukraine's e-commerce framework closer to EU standards, strengthen fiscal resilience and support fairer competition for Ukrainian businesses," Marchenko said.

他說：「這項進展也為約40億歐元的歐盟宏觀金融援助鋪路。」"This progress also paves the way for around 4 billion euros in EU macro-financial support."

（尤莉婭・迪薩（Yuliia Dysa）補充報導；丹尼爾・弗林（Daniel Flynn）與休・勞森（Hugh Lawson）編輯）(Additional reporting by Yuliia Dysa; Editing by Daniel Flynn and Hugh Lawson)