隨德州翻藍，馬斯克商業帝國迎戰民主黨浪潮

阿迪蒂亞・索尼（Aditya Soni）報導By Aditya Soni

11月4日（路透社）—— 共和黨遭遇壓倒性敗選，德州也選出30多年來首位民主黨州長之際，美國期中選舉最大的輸家之一並未出現在選票上：億萬富豪馬斯克。Nov 4 (Reuters) - As Republicans suffered a landslide defeat and Texas elected its first Democratic governor in more than three decades, one of the biggest losers of the US midterms was not on the ballot: billionaire Elon Musk.

這位全球首富花費近5億美元支持共和黨候選人，並試圖讓德州維持「紅州」版圖；德州是他的汽車製造商特斯拉、從火箭到AI的公司 SpaceX，以及兩家公司計畫合資的晶片製造事業所在地。The world's richest man spent nearly half a billion dollars to back Republican candidates and keep Texas red - a state home to his automaker Tesla, rocket-to-AI company SpaceX and a planned chipmaking venture between the two.

隨著民主黨拿下國會兩院，吉娜・伊諾霍薩也在德州州長選戰擊敗葛瑞格・艾伯特（Greg Abbott），這些押注全數落空。這也形同對美國總統川普的強烈否定；川普是馬斯克的親密盟友，這位億萬富豪曾協助他勝選。Those bets unraveled as Democrats seized both chambers of Congress and Gina Hinojosa defeated Greg Abbott in the Texas governor's race, in a stinging rebuke to US President Donald Trump, a close Musk ally whom the billionaire helped elect.

馬斯克最晚到週二仍在 X 上呼籲追隨者投票給共和黨，如今他面對的是一個重新振作的民主黨；而他多年來一直與民主黨針鋒相對。Musk, who urged his followers on X to vote Republican as recently as Tuesday, now faces a resurgent Democratic Party that he has spent years antagonizing.

這位共和黨最大金主上月甚至在自己的社群媒體平台上威脅報復；此前有報導稱，若民主黨贏得期中選舉，正考慮對他的公司展開調查。The GOP's largest donor even threatened retaliation last month on his social media platform after a report said Democrats were considering probes into his companies if they won midterms.

SpaceX 股價下跌5.5%，特斯拉也下跌5.1%，兩檔股票表現均落後大盤。Shares of SpaceX fell 5.5%, while Tesla was down 5.1% as both stocks lagged the broader market.

馬斯克面臨的最大挑戰之一，可能是資料中心的審批速度放慢；這些資料中心對開拓 SpaceX 在首次公開發行（IPO）前向投資人宣傳的28.5兆美元潛在市場至關重要。One of Musk's biggest challenges could be slower approvals for the data centers crucial to tapping the $28.5 trillion addressable market that SpaceX touted to investors ahead of its IPO.

分析師與專家預期，隨著地方對電價的反對聲浪升高，民主黨將加強審查資料中心專案，並推動暫停興建。Analysts and experts expect Democrats to tighten scrutiny of data-center projects and push for construction moratoriums as local opposition grows over electricity costs.

資產管理公司 Longbow Asset Management 執行長傑克・多拉海德（Jake Dollarhide）表示：「民主黨橫掃國會將對科技業形成壓力，並可能讓所有AI相關事務面臨監管壓力，也可能拖慢我們每天看到、且往往視為理所當然的那種極為瘋狂的成長數據。」"A Democratic sweep of Congress would put pressure on tech and potentially bring regulatory pressure on everything AI and possibly slow down the wild, wild west growth figures that we see daily and often take for granted," said Jake Dollarhide, CEO of Longbow Asset Management.

「選戰進入最後關頭時，馬斯克是共和黨的最後一搏。不幸的是，他大舉注資支持紅州，仍無法抵消更高的水電費、雜貨店物價與加油站油價。」"Musk was the Hail Mary for Republicans leading down to the wire. Unfortunately, his large infusion of cash to back red states could not overcome higher utility bills, prices at the grocery store and prices at the gas pump."

馬斯克也因限制烏克蘭軍方使用的衛星通訊、在他監督 DOGE 期間大規模裁減聯邦職位，以及他的公司取得的政府合約與補貼，而受到民主黨籍國會議員審視。Musk has also drawn scrutiny from Democratic lawmakers over restrictions on satellite communications used by Ukraine's military, mass federal job cuts under his watch at DOGE and the government contracts and subsidies flowing to his companies.

其中一名議員是即將出任眾議院監督委員會主席的羅伯特・賈西亞（Robert Garcia）。他週二晚間對共和黨人及其盟友給出直白的兩字訊息：「找律師。」One of the lawmakers is Robert Garcia, the next House Oversight Committee chair, who had a blunt two-word message for Republicans and their allies on Tuesday evening: "Lawyer up."

伊諾霍薩推動資料中心暫停興建HINOJOSA PUSHES FOR DATA-CENTER MORATORIUM

在德州，馬斯克必須應對他與伊諾霍薩原本就緊繃的關係。他還將面對新當選的美國參議員詹姆斯・塔拉里科；馬斯克曾在支持共和黨人肯・帕克斯頓（Ken Paxton）時，投入大筆資金對抗塔拉里科。In Texas, Musk will have to navigate an already strained relationship with Hinojosa. He will also face newly elected U.S. Senator James Talarico, against whom he spent heavily while backing Republican Ken Paxton.

即將上任的州長伊諾霍薩曾提起訴訟，要求取得馬斯克與艾伯特之間的電子郵件，並指控這位前州長向這名億萬富豪提供優惠交易，是出賣孤星州。Incoming governor Hinojosa had sued to obtain emails between Musk and Abbott and accused the former governor of selling out the Lone Star state by offering favorable deals to the billionaire.

她也駁斥艾伯特約束資料中心的努力只是政治作秀，轉而呼籲立即停止新專案，直到州議員加強對在地社群的保護為止，並要求終止稅務優惠。She has also dismissed Abbott's efforts to rein in data centers as political theater, calling instead for an immediate halt to new projects until lawmakers strengthened protections for local communities, as well as an end to tax breaks.

馬斯克本人似乎對這些障礙輕描淡寫。他在 X 上發文說：「太空資料中心現在看起來相當有吸引力。」這是在暗指 SpaceX 雄心勃勃、打算把資料中心送入軌道的計畫，儘管該計畫在冷卻與維修方面面臨重大挑戰。Musk himself appeared to make light of the hurdles. "Data centers in space looking pretty appealing right now," he posted on X, alluding to SpaceX's ambitious plan to put data centers in orbit despite major challenges around cooling and repairs.

該公司的AI業務以 Colossus 與 Colossus II 為核心，這兩座位於曼菲斯附近的資料中心是全球最大的AI資料中心之一。向包括 Anthropic 在內的客戶出租其運算能力，已帶動營收飆升，並協助 SpaceX 成為上市公司後首度獲利。The company's AI business is centered around Colossus and Colossus II, two of the world's largest AI data centers near Memphis. Renting their computing power to customers including Anthropic has sent revenue soaring and helped SpaceX post its first profit as a public company.

但該公司目標是在年底前，把容量從9月底的1.7吉瓦幾乎倍增至最高3吉瓦，並在明年擴大到13吉瓦。But the company aims to nearly double capacity from 1.7 gigawatts at September-end to as much as 3 gigawatts by year-end, before scaling up to 13 gigawatts next year.

若容量上線出現任何延誤，都可能妨礙馬斯克雄心勃勃的營收目標，並讓投資人對AI基礎設施不斷攀升成本日益警惕的情況下，進一步加強審視。Any delays in bringing the capacity online may hamper Musk's ambitious revenue targets and intensify scrutiny from investors growing wary about AI infrastructure's mounting costs.

晶片研究公司 SemiAnalysis 已確認超過9吉瓦的規劃中或開發中容量，包括 SpaceX 位於德州博卡奇卡（Boca Chica）的星艦市園區內新設施。Chip research firm SemiAnalysis has identified more than 9 gigawatts of planned or developing capacity, including new facilities at SpaceX's Starbase complex in Boca Chica, Texas.

博卡奇卡的擴建可能面臨阻力，因為《德州月刊》（Texas Monthly）報導官員曾討論相關交易後，伊諾霍薩已反對可能把一座海濱州立公園出售給 SpaceX。That Boca Chica expansion could face resistance as Hinojosa has opposed the potential sale of a beachfront state park to SpaceX after Texas Monthly reported officials had discussed the deal.

伊諾霍薩上月表示：「讓我說清楚：德州不是拿來賣的。」與此同時，馬斯克已刪除他在選舉日呼籲追隨者投票給共和黨的貼文。"Let me be clear: Texas is not for sale," Hinojosa said last month. Musk, meanwhile, has deleted his election-day appeal to his followers to vote Republican.

（班加羅爾 Aditya Soni 報導；Arun Koyyur 編輯）(Reporting by Aditya Soni in Bengaluru; Editing by Arun Koyyur)