美國國會議員提案，防止中國資料中心技術進入敏感政府系統

記者 Alexandra AlperBy Alexandra Alper

華盛頓，9月25日（路透）—— 美國一個跨黨派國會議員小組週五提出法案，禁止聯邦政府在敏感政府系統中配備中國製、用於AI資料中心傳輸資料的零組件。WASHINGTON, Sept 25 (Reuters) - A bipartisan group of US lawmakers introduced legislation on Friday to bar the federal government from equipping sensitive government systems with Chinese-made components used to transmit data in AI data centers.

這些裝置稱為光收發模組，可讓資料透過光纖纜線以光速傳輸，也是美國AI基礎設施建置的核心；部分資料中心需要數百萬個這類裝置。The devices, known as optical transceivers, allow data to travel over fiber-optic cables at the speed of light and are at the heart of the US AI infrastructure rollout, with some data centers requiring millions of them.

這項法案使中國光收發模組製造商面臨更大壓力；這些業者主導了AI資料中心關鍵零組件市場。The bill adds to growing pressure on Chinese optical transceiver makers, which dominate the market for parts critical to AI data centers.

支持這項立法的人士表示，這些裝置可能遭北京利用，以干擾美國AI工具與雲端服務的使用。Supporters of the legislation say the devices could be harnessed by Beijing to disrupt access to US AI tools and the cloud.

這項限制由共和黨籍的約翰・柯寧與戴夫・麥考米克，以及民主黨籍的約翰・費特曼（John Fetterman）與魯本・加列戈（Ruben Gallego）共同提案，將適用於中國易飛揚（Eoptolink）與中際旭創（Zhongji Innolight）製造的光收發模組。The restriction, sponsored by Republicans John Cornyn and Dave McCormick as well as Democrats John Fetterman and Ruben Gallego, would apply to optical transceivers made by China's Eoptolink and Zhongji Innolight.

根據新聞稿，麥考米克表示：「我們不應依賴中國提供攸關我國國家安全的技術。」“We shouldn’t rely on China for technologies that are essential to our national security,” McCormick said, according to a press release.

柯寧表示：「關鍵政府通訊與資訊系統必須安全、可靠，並且不受任何外國干預，但使用中國技術會破壞這項使命。」“Critical government communication and information systems must be safe, reliable, and free of any foreign interference, but the use of Chinese technology undermines that mission,” said Cornyn.

已被列入五角大廈所稱中國軍方支持企業名單的中際旭創、易飛揚，以及中國大使館，均未立即回應採訪請求。Innolight, which was added to a Pentagon list of alleged Chinese military-backed companies, Eoptolink, and the Chinese Embassy did not immediately respond to requests for comment.

但美國產業界主張，這類舉措會讓美國AI基礎設施建置放慢腳步，使美國在與中國競爭中失去優勢，因為超大規模雲端業者將急於尋找其他供應商。But the US industry has argued such a move would slow the US AI infrastructure buildout, ceding ground to China, as hyperscalers scramble to find other suppliers.

科技遊說團體資訊科技產業協會（Information Technology Industry Council）8月13日致函美國聯邦傳播委員會（FCC），呼籲這個電信監管機關「不要把光收發模組加入」貿易黑名單，並強調「供應中斷可能對資料中心部署與美國AI領導地位造成的影響」。The Information Technology Industry Council, a tech lobbying group, sent a letter to the FCC on August 13 calling on the telecoms watchdog to "refrain from adding optical transceivers" to a trade blacklist, emphasizing the "potential effects that supply disruptions could have on data center deployment and U.S. AI leadership."

根據美國創新基金會（Foundation for American Innovation）一份報告，美國企業高意（Coherent）與魯門特姆（Lumentum）銷售具競爭力的技術，但規模不足以取代中國供應商。兩家公司均未立即回應採訪請求。U.S.-based firms Coherent and Lumentum sell competitive technology but lack the scale to replace Chinese vendors, according to a report by the Foundation for American Innovation. They did not immediately respond to requests for comment.

如果這項法案獲得通過，政府將有五年時間完成遵循規定，商務部長與國防部長也將有權把其他公司加入名單。If the legislation were approved, the government would have five years to comply and the Secretaries of Commerce and Defense would have the authority to add additional companies to the list.

（Alexandra Alper報導；Sanjeev Miglani編輯）(Reporting by Alexandra Alper; Editing by Sanjeev Miglani)