火災、抗議、污染：蘋果印度供應鏈問題不斷

班加羅爾，11月10日（路透）——塔塔電子在印度南部一座為蘋果iPhone生產零件的工廠，有3名合約工人因窒息死亡，引發相關企業與坦米爾那都省政府展開調查。BENGALURU, Nov 10 (Reuters) - Three contract workers died of asphyxiation at a Tata Electronics factory in southern India that makes parts for Apple iPhones, triggering investigations by the companies and the state government of Tamil Nadu.

這起發生在坦米爾那都省霍蘇爾的事件，是蘋果印度供應鏈遭遇的最新問題。印度是這家美國科技巨頭推動製造業務分散、降低對中國依賴的核心據點。自2017年以來，蘋果在印度穩步擴大iPhone產量，主要代工廠為富士康與塔塔。The incident in Hosur, Tamil Nadu, is the latest to hit Apple's supply chain in India, which is central to the U.S. tech giant's push to diversify manufacturing beyond China. Since 2017, Apple has steadily ramped up iPhone production in the country, with Foxconn and Tata as its main contract manufacturers.

以下回顧近年來蘋果供應商在印度廠區發生的問題：Here's a look at problems in recent years at Apple supplier facilities in India:

2026年6月至7月：一個勒索軟體組織在暗網上發布超過20萬份檔案，這些檔案是從同樣位於霍蘇爾的塔塔電子iPhone組裝廠竊取而來。其中包括敏感的供應商資訊，以及蘋果當時尚未發表的iPhone 18 Pro照片。消息人士告訴路透，塔塔隨後限制內部人員存取敏感系統，並聘請一家全球顧問公司進行鑑識稽核。June-July 2026: A ransomware group posted on the dark web more than 200,000 files stolen from a Tata Electronics iPhone assembly plant also in Hosur. This included sensitive supplier information and photos of Apple's then-unreleased iPhone 18 Pro. Tata has since restricted internal access to sensitive systems and hired a global consultant to conduct a forensic audit, sources told Reuters.

2026年6月：坦米爾那都省污染管制委員會警告塔塔，該公司霍蘇爾iPhone零件廠因涉嫌污染鄰近農地水井的廢水，可能被強制停工。塔塔表示，獨立分析顯示該廠符合監管規範；該公司後來又表示，委員會已確認塔塔回覆所有詢問，並放棄採取進一步行動。June 2026: Tamil Nadu's pollution control board warned Tata's Hosur iPhone parts plant of a forced shutdown over alleged wastewater contamination of wells in adjacent farmland. Tata said independent analysis showed compliance with regulatory norms, and later said the board had confirmed it had addressed all queries and dropped further action.

2025年1月：路透取得的文件顯示，印度國家人權委員會指責勞工官員未能充分調查富士康iPhone工廠的就業歧視問題。這項調查後來認定富士康並無任何不當行為。January 2025: India's National Human Rights Commission faulted labour officials for failing to adequately investigate employment discrimination at Foxconn's iPhone plant, documents obtained by Reuters showed. The probe later cleared Foxconn of any wrongdoing.

2024年11月：知情人士告訴路透，在路透調查發現富士康系統性排除已婚女性進入其印度南部工廠從事組裝工作後，富士康命令其印度招募代理商從徵才廣告中移除年齡、性別與婚姻狀況條件。November 2024: Foxconn ordered its Indian hiring agents to remove age, gender and marital criteria from job advertisements, people familiar with the matter told Reuters, after a Reuters investigation found it systematically excluded married women from assembly jobs at its southern India plant.

2024年9月：塔塔霍蘇爾工廠一處用於存放化學品的區域發生火災，導致iPhone零組件生產暫停數日。September 2024: A fire at Tata's Hosur plant, in an area used to store chemicals, halted iPhone component production for several days.

2023年9月：同樣位於印度南部坦米爾那都省的和碩清奈廠發生火災後，和碩暫停該廠iPhone組裝作業。September 2023: Pegatron temporarily stopped iPhone assembly at its Chennai facility in the same southern Indian state after a fire at the factory.

2023年2月：生產iPhone充電器的正崴，在安得拉邦奇托爾的組裝廠發生火災，造成部分建築倒塌後，暫停該廠生產。February 2023: Foxlink, which manufactures iPhone chargers, suspended production at its assembly facility in Chittoor in the state of Andhra Pradesh after a fire caused part of the building to collapse.

2021年12月：富士康位於清奈市附近一座工廠有250名工人生病，引發抗議，該廠營運因而停擺超過3週。蘋果後來發現相關設施未達要求標準。December 2021: Operations at a plant belonging to Foxconn near Chennai city were halted for more than three weeks after 250 workers fell sick, sparking protests. Apple later found facilities did not meet required standards.

2020年12月：卡納塔卡邦納薩普拉一座緯創工廠的工人，因薪資未支付問題在抗議期間破壞財物，迫使這家台灣代工廠關閉該廠3個月。緯創於2023年將其印度業務出售給塔塔集團。December 2020: Workers at a Wistron plant in Karnataka state’s Narsapura destroyed property during protests over non-payment of wages, forcing the Taiwanese contract manufacturer to shut the plant for three months. Wistron sold its India business to the Tata Group in 2023.

（班加羅爾Munsif Vengattil報導；Raju Gopalakrishnan編輯）(Reporting by Munsif Vengattil in Bengaluru; Editing by Raju Gopalakrishnan)