DMSC ramps up Melioidosis screening with advanced molecular technology

The Department of Medical Sciences (DMSC) at the Ministry of Public Health has announced a significant upgrade to its diagnostic capabilities for Melioidosis, otherwise known as Whitmore's disease or paddy-field disease, utilising biomolecular technology to ensure faster diagnosis, treatment and monitor for drug-resistant strains.

Dr. Sarawut Boonsook, director general of the DMSC, stated today that, following recent fatalities linked to the disease, the department is now operating as the national reference laboratory.

The facility now offers comprehensive testing, including rapid serology for antibodies, bacterial culture, real-time PCR genetic testing, whole-genome sequencing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing capabilities.

The urgency follows a sharp increase in detected cases, with Dr. Sarawut revealing that, in the 2025 fiscal year, 38 out of 177 suspected samples tested positive, representing a 21.5% infection rate.

This surge marks a significant departure from the historical trend observed between 2021 and 2024, where only 7.4% of 542 samples tested positive, signaling a clear and worrying rise in the prevalence of the disease.

Demographic data for 2025 showed that infection rates were slightly higher in females (23.4%) compared to males (20.9%).

Direct real-time PCR testing of clinical samples, such as blood, serum, plasma, and haemoculture bottles. This bypasses longer traditional methods, allowing for life-saving precision.

Furthermore, the department provides free genomic analysis for confirmed cases, to prevent misidentification with similar bacterial species and to track genetic markers for drug resistance.

Melioidosis is caused by the bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei, which is primarily found in soil and water across all regions of Thailand, particularly during the rainy season. Transmission occurs when the bacteria enter the body through open wounds, the inhalation of contaminated dust or the consumption of untreated water.

Symptoms can vary widely, ranging from high fever, chest pain and breathing difficulties to localised abscesses or skin ulcers. The disease becomes particularly dangerous if the bacteria enter the bloodstream, potentially leading to severe sepsis and death.

Health officials emphasise that the disease is treatable if caught early.

The public is advised to avoid direct contact with soil and water without protection, especially people with underlying health conditions, and to seek immediate medical attention if they experience a persistent high fever after possible exposure.