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法國總理提前調升最低工資，以平息抗議民怨
巴黎，11月9日（路透社）——法國總理塞巴斯蒂安・勒克努（Sebastien Lecornu）週一表示，他將把原訂明年1月調升最低工資的時程提前至12月；此舉意在化解生活成本危機，這場危機已引發法國多年來最嚴重的社會動盪之一。PARIS, Nov 9 (Reuters) - French Prime Minister Sebastien Lecornu said on Monday he was bringing forward a planned hike in the minimum wage to December from January, as he sought to defuse a cost-of-living crisis that has sparked some of France's worst civil unrest in years.
法國政府近幾週面臨一連串示威。抗議最初起因於學校經費不足，但已演變成更廣泛的抗議活動，其中包括10月17日主要城市發生的暴動，讓安全部隊措手不及。The government has faced a series of demonstrations in recent weeks which started over underfunded schools but have morphed into broader protests, including riots in major cities on October 17 that caught security forces off guard.
法國全國最低工資通常會在1月1日調升以反映通膨，但勞動部長尚-皮耶・法宏杜（Jean-Pierre Farandou）在記者會上表示，政府將改在12月調升1.6%。France's national minimum wage would normally be raised on January 1 to reflect inflation, but instead the government will raise it by 1.6% in December, Labour Minister Jean-Pierre Farandou told a press conference.
這次調升將使每月最低工資淨額達到1,502歐元（1,676美元），較目前水準增加24歐元。最低工資自6月以來一直維持在現行水準，當時為反映較高通膨，已調升35歐元。The increase will bring the monthly minimum wage to a net €1,502 ($1,676), up €24 from the current level, where it has been since June, when it was raised by €35 to reflect higher inflation.
距離總統大選還有5個月，法國政府對社會緊張升高感到憂心；在這場選舉中，極右派領袖瑪琳・雷朋（Marine Le Pen）在民調中領先。The government is concerned about mounting social tensions five months before a presidential election in which far-right leader Marine Le Pen is the frontrunner in the polls.
這項調幅未達工會要求。法國最大工會CFDT要求調升100歐元，左翼的法國總工會則要求調升10%，相當於每月約150歐元。The hike falls short of union demands, with the CFDT, France's largest union, calling for a €100 increase, while the left-wing CGT union is demanding a 10% rise, equivalent to around €150 a month.
勒克努在與工會及雇主聯合會會面後對記者表示：「這是20年來第二大調幅，因此不應被輕視。」"This is the second-biggest increase in 20 years, so it should not be held in contempt," Lecornu told journalists after meeting with unions and employers' federations.
CFDT主席雷翁在會後表示，這項調升「不足」；CGT主席蘇菲・比內則形容這只是「碎屑」，並補充說：「我們不是來這裡乞討施捨的。」比內也呼籲11月17日發起新的抗議活動。CFDT head Marylise Leon said the increase was "insufficient" after the meeting, while CGT head Sophie Binet described it as "crumbs" and added: "We didn't come here to beg for alms." Binet also called for new protests on November 17.
政治敏感議題POLITICALLY SENSITIVE
法國的最低工資水準位居歐洲前列，同時領取最低工資或接近最低工資的勞工占比也在歐洲名列前茅。France combines one of Europe's highest minimum wages with one of the largest shares of workers paid at or near that level.
根據歐盟統計局資料，2024年法國最低工資相當於平均薪資的67%，同時有12.7%的受僱員工領取最低工資或接近最低工資，相較之下德國為8%、荷蘭為3.5%。The minimum wage amounted to 67% of average earnings in 2024, while 12.7% of employees were paid at or near the minimum wage, compared with 8% in Germany and 3.5% in the Netherlands, according to Eurostat data.
因此，最低工資變動對勞動成本影響格外廣泛，也是一項政治敏感議題。法國最低工資通常會在1月依通膨自動調升，有時也會在年中調整。Changes to the minimum wage, which in France usually is automatically increased in line with inflation in January and sometimes midyear, therefore have a particularly broad impact on labour costs and are a politically sensitive subject.
政府急於尋找方法緩解民怨，但債務負擔持續增加，使其可操作空間有限。The government is eager to find ways to ease public anger but it has little room for manoeuvre because of its mounting debt burden.
抗議活動9月在高中爆發，但此後已擴大成對生活成本、公共服務和政治停滯的不滿宣洩。Protests erupted in high schools in September but have since spiralled into a broader outpouring of anger over living costs, public services and political stagnation.
這波動盪發生在距離法國總統大選還有5個月之際。目前民調顯示，極右派候選人雷朋將在第二輪決選中面對極左派對手尚-呂克・梅蘭雄（Jean-Luc Melenchon）。The unrest comes five months before France's presidential election. Opinion polls currently suggest far-right candidate Marine Le Pen will face hard-left rival Jean-Luc Melenchon in a run-off.
法國總統艾曼紐・馬克宏（Emmanuel Macron）第二任期即將結束，且其支持率在民調中跌至歷史新低；他依規定不得再度參選。French President Emmanuel Macron, who is coming to the end of his second term and whose approval ratings have hit a record low in opinion polls, is barred from running again.
（1美元 = 0.8961歐元）($1 = 0.8961 euros)
（加布里埃爾・斯塔加特（Gabriel Stargardter）與莉・湯瑪斯（Leigh Thomas）報導；因蒂・蘭道羅（Inti Landauro）補充報導；蓋瑞斯・瓊斯（Gareth Jones）與休・勞森（Hugh Lawson）編輯）(Reporting by Gabriel Stargardter and Leigh Thomas; Additional reporting by Inti Landauro; Editing by Gareth Jones and Hugh Lawson)