俄羅斯《新報》多年無畏報導後熄燈

莫斯科，11月9日（路透社）—— 俄羅斯調查報紙《新報》（Novaya Gazeta）週一結束營運並遷出位於莫斯科市中心的辦公室；該報表示，國家施壓行動已使其無法繼續報導，因此不得不屈服。MOSCOW, Nov 9 (Reuters) - Russian investigative newspaper Novaya Gazeta wound up its operations on Monday and quit its central Moscow office, bowing to what it said was a campaign of state pressure that had made it impossible to carry on reporting.

共同創辦人德米特里・穆拉托夫在向聚集見證該報關閉的記者發言時，激動呼籲戰時俄羅斯應有言論自由與人權。Its co-founder Dmitry Muratov, addressing journalists who gathered to witness the newspaper's closure, issued an impassioned plea for free speech and human rights in wartime Russia.

他說：「我們國家裡主張和平的人，被剝奪了閱讀自己所選內容的權利，正如我們今天所見。」"Those in our country who advocate for peace have been denied the right to read what they choose, as we see happening today," he said.

「我們目前所處的情況是，俄羅斯憲法中保障政治與公民權利的部分，實際上已經停止運作。」"We are currently at a point where the section of the Russian constitution that guarantees political and civil rights has effectively ceased to function."

這次關閉標誌著俄羅斯最具影響力的獨立新聞媒體之一走到終點。The closure marks the end of one of Russia's most influential independent news outlets.

克里姆林宮發言人德米特里・佩斯科夫（Dmitry Peskov）表示，這是在競爭激烈的媒體環境中「輪替過程」的一部分。Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov said it was part of a "rotational process" in a fiercely competitive media environment.

該報以記者勇氣聞名PAPER KNOWN FOR COURAGE OF REPORTERS

《新報》以無畏報導著稱，多年來有6名記者因此遭到殺害。該報由穆拉托夫與蘇聯最後一任領導人米哈伊爾・戈巴契夫（Mikhail Gorbachev）共同創辦，資金來自戈巴契夫1990年諾貝爾和平獎獎金。The newspaper, renowned for fearless reporting that led to six of its journalists being murdered over the years, was founded by Muratov and the last Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev, using money from Gorbachev's 1990 Nobel Peace Prize.

受戈巴契夫「開放」（glasnost）理念啟發，《新報》成為俄羅斯最具影響力的報紙之一，也是民主的捍衛者，曾調查貪腐並對政治作出批判性報導。Inspired by Gorbachev's vision of "glasnost," or openness, it became one of Russia's most influential newspapers and defenders of democracy, with investigations into corruption and critical coverage of politics.

2022年，總統弗拉迪米爾・普丁（Vladimir Putin）對烏克蘭發動全面戰爭，俄羅斯實施嚴格審查法律後，該報停止紙本發行，但持續在網路上刊登內容，成為選擇留在俄羅斯的獨立記者避風港。After President Vladimir Putin launched a full-scale war with Ukraine in 2022 and Russia imposed tight censorship laws, the paper halted its print edition but continued to publish online, becoming a refuge for independent journalists who chose to remain in the country.

但《新報》上月底宣布，由於被列為「外國代理人」並被命令遷出辦公室，加上銀行停止處理其賴以維持財務生存的讀者捐款，該報將不得不關閉。But it announced late last month that it would have to close after it was designated a "foreign agent" and ordered to vacate its offices, and banks stopped processing reader donations on which it relied for financial survival.

2021年諾貝爾和平獎共同得主穆拉托夫表示，人們需要了解，發動戰爭與壓制言論自由應歸咎於克里姆林宮。Muratov, a co-winner of the 2021 Nobel Peace Prize, said people needed to understand that it was the Kremlin that was to blame for waging the war and suppressing free speech.

他說：「我們不能因此責怪公民本身，尤其是那些出色、真正了不起的年輕世代。我敦促各位分清俄羅斯當局與俄羅斯人民。」"We cannot blame the citizens themselves for this - especially the wonderful, truly remarkable younger generation. I urge you to distinguish between the Russian authorities and the Russian people," he said.

美國第一夫人梅蘭妮亞・川普（Melania Trump）10月底促成烏克蘭一地區為期6天的停火後，穆拉托夫呼籲烏克蘭實現更廣泛停火。He called for a broader ceasefire in Ukraine following a six-day truce in one area brokered by US first lady Melania Trump in late October.

穆拉托夫也敦促釋放他所稱俄羅斯約4,000名政治犯。Muratov also urged the release of what he said were around 4,000 political prisoners in Russia.

克里姆林宮為審查法律的必要性辯護，否認存在任何政治犯，並表示俄羅斯是在戰時採取必要行動，起訴從事顛覆活動的人。The Kremlin defends the need for censorship laws, denies there are any political prisoners and says that Russia is taking necessary action at a time of war to prosecute people engaged in subversive activity.

目前不清楚《新報》是否會試圖重整並以另一種形式出版。在其網站上一篇描述最後幾週情況的長文中，記者伊琳娜・沃羅比約娃（Irina Vorobyova）被引述說，該報精神會像「好病毒」一樣存活下去。It was unclear whether the newspaper would attempt to regroup and publish in another form. In a long article on its website, describing its final weeks, journalist Irina Vorobyova was quoted as saying its spirit would survive like a "good virus".

她說：「即使是核爆也無法摧毀它。它會在每一個曾經參與其中的人身上延續。」"Not even a nuclear explosion could destroy it. It will continue in everyone who was part of it," she said.

（路透社採訪；Mark Trevelyan撰稿；Ros Russell編輯）(Reporting by Reuters, writing by Mark Trevelyan; Editing by Ros Russell)