自從數年前看過英國導演 Joe Wright 的人物傳記片 Darkest Hour《黑暗對峙》,就開始對二次大戰時的英國首相邱吉爾 (Winston Churchill) 的故事非常感興趣。
看過了 Alan Watson 的 《Churchill’s Legacy》,近來再在書店遇上了 David Strafford 的 《Oblivion or Glory: 1921 and the Making of Winston Churchill》。David Strafford 是公認邱吉爾方面的專家,著作有 《Churchill and Secret Service》、《Roosevelt and Churchill》 和 《Endgame, 1945》。從書名標題可知,Strafford 這次的著眼點為 1921 年,用了 270 多頁文字論述這十二個月如何對 Churchill 起了翻天覆地的變化。書名 Oblivion or Glory 正正點岀了兩個截然不同的後果。Glory 較淺白,即「光榮、榮耀」;而 Oblivion 則解作「寂寂無名 / 被人淡忘」。Oblivion 常見的詞語配搭有 fade / sink / slip / pass into oblivion,例如 He was once a popular singer, but has faded into oblivion. (他曾經是位當紅歌手,但已漸漸被遺忘。)
要用英文表達一件事 / 一個時刻的重要性,可參考書中作者寫的:
1. The year 1921 proved pivotal for Churchill in crucial ways. (page XV)
2. Politically, the year was also a milestone. (page XV)
現在就讓我們學習運用相關的詞彙吧。
1. Pivotal 可解作「關鍵的」E.g. The speech marked a pivotal moment in the country’s history.
2. Key 亦有相近的意思 E.g. Economic factors played a key role in the outcome of the war.
3. Critical 甚至可譯成「至關重要」E.g. The conference is critical to the future of the peace process.
4. Decisive 則可解作「決定性的」E.g. He scored the decisive goal in the 80th minute of the game
5. Life-changing / Life-altering 則意思更明顯,解作「能改變一生的」E.g. Giving birth can be a life-changing experience.
除了以上的形容詞,也可用名詞表達,例如作者用的 milestone (n.) 里程碑。想更加準確表達,還可用:
1. Turning point (n.) 轉捩點 E.g. Meeting his wife was the turning point in his life.
2. Watershed (n.) 分水嶺 E.g. 1945 was considered a watershed in the world’s history.
3. Defining moment (n.) 決定性的一刻 E.g. The attack on Pearl Harbour was a defining moment in American history.
In retrospect (現在回頭看),大概人生的每一個決定都可以是 life-changing。而我們多看書,大概是為了 learn from history,好讓慘痛的歷史不再重演。