The voltage used in Japan is uniformly 100 volts, which is relatively lower than that in the US and Europe. There are two kinds of frequencies — 50 Hertz in eastern Japan and 60 Hertz in western Japan. Plugsare most commonly non-polarized and ungrounded with two pins.
Therefore, besides using a travel appliance like dual-voltage hair dryers, you are recommended to bring a voltage converter with you. You may easily find conversion plugs or transformers at mass electronics retailers such as Bic Camera or Yodobashi Camera.
If you plan to purchase appliances in Japan to your country, you may need step-up transformers and appropriate plug adapters for them as well, or you can find something specifically made for oversea tourists.